1. C++的insert iterators, 可以将一般迭代器的赋值操作转变为插入操作,这样的迭代器包括
(1)专司尾端插入操作的back_insert_iterator,对应于STL函数back_inserter(),要求容器自身支持push_back操作;
(2)专司头端插入操作的front_insert_iterator,对应于STL函数front_inserter(),要求容器自身支持push_front操作;
(3)可从任意位置执行插入操作的insert_iterator,对应于STL函数inserter(),要求容易自身支持insert操作;
2. C++的iostream iterators,可以将迭代器绑定到某个iostream对象身上,包括:
(1)绑定到istream对象身上的istream_iterator,拥有输入功能;
(2)绑定到ostream对象身上的ostream_iterator,拥有输出功能;
3. 以下是这两大迭代器的用法举例
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
vector<int> vecs;
list<int> ls, ls1, ls2, ls3;
ostream_iterator<int> outite(cout, " ");
istream_iterator<int> inite(cin), eof;
while(inite != eof)
{
vecs.push_back(*inite++);
}
copy(vecs.cbegin(), vecs.cend(), outite);
cout << endl;
back_inserter(ls) = 1;
back_inserter(ls) = 2;
front_inserter(ls) = 3;
front_inserter(ls) = 4;
inserter(ls, ls.begin()) = 5;
inserter(ls, ls.end()) = 6;
back_insert_iterator<list<int> > backIter(ls);
*backIter = 7;
*backIter = 8;
front_insert_iterator<list<int> > frontIter(ls);
*frontIter = 9;
*frontIter = 10;
insert_iterator<list<int> > insertIter(ls, ls.begin());
*insertIter = 11;
*insertIter = 12;
copy(ls.cbegin(), ls.cend(), outite);
cout << endl;
copy(ls.cbegin(), ls.cend(), front_inserter(ls1));
copy(ls1.cbegin(), ls1.cend(), outite);
cout << endl;
copy(ls.cbegin(), ls.cend(), back_inserter(ls2));
copy(ls2.cbegin(), ls2.cend(), outite);
cout << endl;
copy(ls.cbegin(), ls.cend(), inserter(ls3, ls3.begin()));
copy(ls3.cbegin(), ls3.cend(), outite);
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
部分内容参考自《C++ Primer》5 edition。
水平有限,欢迎批评指正!