私有继承与公有继承有什么区别?如果将上一篇共有继承中源代码中类B继承类A的方式改成私有继承(private),其他部分代码保持不变,编译代码,会出现一下错误信息:
从编译器指出的错误信息可以看出,父类A中的所有成员在子类对象B中都是不可见的。但是父类中的公有成员在私有继承的子类B中是可见的,可以被访问,但是其属性在子类发生降级。父类A中的public和protected属性的成员在子类中虽然能被访问,但是其属性在子类中被降级为private,所有子类成员是无法访问父类成员的,因为对于子类对象来说,父类的成员全部都是private,都是不可见的。要想正确输出,可用一下代码实现:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
private:
int a;
protected:
int b;
public:
int c;
void show()
{
cout << "a = " << a << "b = " << b << "c = " << c <<endl;
}
int set(int a,int b,int c)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
this->c = c;
}
int get_a()
{
return a;
}
int get_b()
{
return b;
}
};
class B : private A
{
private:
int x;
protected:
int y;
public:
int z;
void show()
{
cout << "a = " << get_a() << "," << "b = " << b << "," << "c = " << c << "," << "x = " << x << "," << "y = " << y << "," << "z = " << z <<endl;
}
int set(int a,int b,int c,int x,int y,int z)
{
A::set(a,b,c);
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->z = z;
}
int get_a()
{
return A::get_a();
}
int get_b()
{
return b;
}
int get_c()
{
return c;
}
int get_x()
{
return x;
}
int get_y()
{
return y;
}
};
int main()
{
B b;
b.set(10,20,30,40,50,60);
b.show();
cout << "a = " << b.get_a() <<endl;
cout << "b = " << b.get_b() <<endl;
cout << "c = " << b.get_c() <<endl;
cout << "x = " << b.get_x() <<endl;
cout << "y = " << b.get_y() <<endl;
cout << "z = " << b.z <<endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
关于私有继承的总结:父类公有成员和保护成员都作为子类的私有成员,并且不能被这个子类的对象所访问。如果子类再派生出一个孙子类的话,在孙子类是否能访问父类的成员呢?因为父类的成员在子类中只有公有成员和保护成员可以访问,并且属性降级为private,所以孙子类即使是公有继承子类的,也不能访问private成员。所以在私有继承时,父类的成员只能由直接派生子类访问,而无法再往下继承。