CentOS Linux 环境二进制方式安装 MySQL 5.7.32

安装依赖包

yum -y install libaio perl perl-devel libncurses* autoconf numactl

新建用户

useradd mysql

解压

tar xf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data3306

配置文件

touch /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3306/

cat > /usr/local/mysql/data3306/my.cnf <<"EOF"
[mysqld]
# ===== 基础配置 =====
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql       # MySQL安装目录
datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data3306  # 数据目录
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock
pid-file        = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysqld.pid
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0              # 远程访问需改为 0.0.0.0（注意安全）
skip-name-resolve                        # 禁用DNS解析，提升连接速度

# ===== 字符集配置 =====
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server     = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# ===== 日志配置 =====
log_error      = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log        # 确保logs目录存在
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/slow.log    # 慢查询日志
long_query_time = 2
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1

# ===== InnoDB 引擎优化 =====
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G             # 根据物理内存调整（建议70-80%）
innodb_log_file_size    = 512M           # 需重启生效
innodb_log_buffer_size  = 64M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1       # 1=严格ACID，2=性能优先
innodb_file_per_table = 1                # 独立表空间

# ===== 连接与线程 =====
max_connections        = 500             # 最大连接数
thread_cache_size      = 128
wait_timeout           = 300             # 非交互连接超时（秒）
interactive_timeout    = 300

# ===== 安全与权限 =====
symbolic-links = 0                       # 禁用符号链接（安全加固）
local_infile   = 0                       # 禁用本地文件加载

# ===== 二进制日志（主从复制时启用）=====
server-id       = 3306                    # 主从唯一ID
log_bin        = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 30                  # 自动清理binlog
binlog_format  = row

# ===== 其他优化 =====
key_buffer_size         = 64M
tmp_table_size          = 64M
max_heap_table_size     = 64M
query_cache_type        = 0              # 关闭查询缓存
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log  # 与[mysqld]中一致
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock

[client]
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock      # 客户端连接socket路径
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
EOF

启动服务

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/data3306/my.cnf &

登录MySQL

mysql -u root -P 3306  -S /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock

修改密码

alter user root@localhost identified by 'root';
create user root@'%' identified by 'root';
grant all on *.* to root@'localhost';
flush privileges;

停止数据库

 mysqladmin -u root shutdown -p -S /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock