Exercise (Instructions): Basic Git Commands
Objectives and Outcomes
In this exercise you will get familiar with some basic Git commands. At the end of this exercise you will be able to:
- Set up a folder as a Git repository
- Perform basic Git operations on your Git repository
Basic Git Commands
- At a convenient location on your computer, create a folder named git-test.
- Open this git-test folder in your favorite editor.
- Add a file named index.html to this folder, and add the following HTML code to this file:
-
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head></head> <body> <h1>This is a Header</h1> </body> </html>
Initializing the folder as a Git repository
- Go to the git-test folder in your cmd window/terminal and type the following at the prompt to initialize the folder as a Git repository:
-
git init
Checking your Git repository status
- Type the following at the prompt to check your Git repository's status:
git status
Adding files to the staging area
- To add files to the staging area of your Git repository, type:
git add .
Commiting to the Git repository
- To commit the current staging area to your Git repository, type:
git commit -m "first commit"
hecking the log of Git commits
- To check the log of the commits to your Git repository, type
git log --oneline
- Now, modify the index.html file as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head></head> <body> <h1>This is a Header</h1> <p>This is a paragraph</p> </body> </html>
- Add a sub-folder named templates to your git-test folder, and then add a file named test.html to the templates folder. Then set the contents of this file to be the same as the index.html file above.
- Then check the status and add all the files to the staging area.
- Then do the second commit to your repository
- Now, modify the index.html file as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head></head> <body> <h1>This is a Header</h1> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is a second paragraph</p> </body> </html>
- Now add the modified index.html file to the staging area and then do a third commit.
Checking out a file from an earlier commit
- To check out the index.html from the second commit, find the number of the second commit using the git log, and then type the following at the prompt:
git checkout <second commit's number> index.html#<second commit's number>是git log中的number
Resetting the Git repository
- To discard the effect of the previous operation and restore index.html to its state at the end of the third commit, type:
git reset HEAD index.html
- Then type the following at the prompt:
git checkout -- index.html
- You can also use git reset to reset the staging area to the last commit without disturbing the working directory.
- Then type the following at the prompt:
- To discard the effect of the previous operation and restore index.html to its state at the end of the third commit, type:
- Now, modify the index.html file as follows:
- To check the log of the commits to your Git repository, type
- To commit the current staging area to your Git repository, type:
- To add files to the staging area of your Git repository, type:
- Type the following at the prompt to check your Git repository's status: