Introduction to Mathematical Thinking-Problem 4

4.Prove that every odd natural number is of one of the forms $4n+1$ or $4n+3$, where $n$ is an integer.

Proof: By the Division Theorem, we can express any natural number in the form of $4q+r$, where $0⩽r<4$.We know that any odd natural number is not of form $4n$ or $4n+2$, as they are even. Therefore, every odd natural number is of one of the forms $4n+1$ or $4n+3$, where $n$ is an integer.