一:备份
1.1 备份所有数据库
- [root@ser6-52 mongodbbackup.bak]# mongodump -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -o /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.291+0800 all dbs
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.291+0800 DATABASE: admin to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800 admin.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.indexes.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800 3 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800 admin.system.version to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.version.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800 1 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800 Metadata for admin.system.version to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.version.metadata.json
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800 admin.system.users to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 2 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 Metadata for admin.system.users to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.metadata.json
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 myTest.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/system.indexes.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.295+0800 2 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.295+0800 myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.298+0800 2000 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 Metadata for myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.metadata.json
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 11 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json
1.2 备份单个数据库
- [root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongodump -d myTest -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.183+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.184+0800 myTest.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/system.indexes.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.185+0800 2 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.185+0800 myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800 2000 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800 Metadata for myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.metadata.json
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.194+0800 11 documents
- 2015-07-02T16:53:35.194+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json
1.3 备份某个表
- [root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongodump -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-02T17:01:47.554+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest
- 2015-07-02T17:01:47.555+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-02T17:01:47.558+0800 11 documents
- 2015-07-02T17:01:47.558+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json
二:恢复
2.1 恢复单个表
- > db.d.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }
- > db.d.find().count();
- 11
- > db.d.drop();
- true
- [root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongorestore -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-02T17:23:20.593+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-02T17:23:20.593+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]
- 11 objects found
- 2015-07-02T17:23:20.594+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }
- > db.d.find().count();
- 11
2.2 恢复单个数据库
- [root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongorestore -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]
- Restoring to myTest.d without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 11 objects found
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.383+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.bson
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.383+0800 going into namespace [myTest.c]
- Restoring to myTest.c without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 2000 objects found
- 2015-07-02T17:41:00.390+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.c" }
--这里恢复数据库的时候没有指定-d 数据库名称,否则报错(我看网上有的指定了)。我的mongodb版本是2.6.9,也许是个bug吧。
2.3 恢复所有数据库
- [root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.275+0800 going into namespace [admin.system.version]
- Restoring to admin.system.version without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 1 objects found
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.276+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "admin.system.version" }
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.277+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.bson
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.277+0800 going into namespace [admin.system.users]
- Restoring to admin.system.users without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 2 objects found
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.282+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "admin.system.users" }
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.282+0800 Creating index: { unique: true, key: { user: 1, db: 1 }, name: "user_1_db_1", ns: "admin.system.users" }
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.285+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.285+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]
- 11 objects found
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.286+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.288+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.bson
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.288+0800 going into namespace [myTest.c]
- Restoring to myTest.c without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 2000 objects found
- 2015-07-03T09:30:20.295+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.c" }
三:mysql与mongodb简单对比
3.1 对比描述
Mongodb:
①:备份后,新增的数据在恢复时不会被删除。
②:如果存在同样的数据,恢复的时候会被覆盖掉,不会重复插入。
③:如果备份后某条数据被update了,恢复的时候备份后倘若某条记录被更新了,无法恢复到备份点的状态。
mysqldump是先删表,再建表,插入数据的,只能恢复到备份时刻的状态。
3.2 示例
3.2.1 mongodb
--备份记录请参考1.3
D表备份的数据有:
- > db.d.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }
- #在备份完成后插入一条数据:
- d表插入999999后的数据是:
- > db.d.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5595ffbcdeae2abeba569b24"), "d" : 999999 }
- #现在不删表进行恢复:
- [root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u superuser -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-03T11:41:49.188+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson
- 2015-07-03T11:41:49.188+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]
- Restoring to myTest.d without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 11 objects found
- 2015-07-03T11:41:49.189+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }
- > db.d.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("5595ffbcdeae2abeba569b24"), "d" : 999999 }
- > db.d.find().count();
- 12
恢复后999999依然存在,说明备份后新增的数据在恢复时不会被删除。
d为0~199的这几个记录仍然是只有一条,说明如果存在同样的数据,恢复的时候会被覆盖掉,不会重复插入。
如果备份后某条数据被update了,恢复的时候,数据是怎样的呢?
#准备测试数据
- use myTest;
- > db.e.save({"id":"1","name":"dan","age":25});
- WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
- > db.e.save({"id":"2","name":"jiao","age":25});
- WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
- > db.e.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiao", "age" : 25 }
#备份
- [root@ser6-52 ~]# mongodump -u superuser -p -d myTest -c e -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak --authenticationDatabase admin
- Enter password:
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-03T14:13:54.877+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest
- 2015-07-03T14:13:54.878+0800 myTest.e to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson
- 2015-07-03T14:13:54.879+0800 2 documents
- 2015-07-03T14:13:54.879+0800 Metadata for myTest.e to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.metadata.json
#更新其中一条数据:
--将id为2的记录,name由jiao更新为jiaojiao
- > db.e.update({"id":"2"},{$set:{"name":"jiaojiao"}},true,false);
- WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
- > db.e.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiaojiao", "age" : 25 }
#恢复
- [root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u superuser -p --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c e /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson
- Enter password:
- connected to: 127.0.0.1
- 2015-07-03T14:19:57.511+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson
- 2015-07-03T14:19:57.511+0800 going into namespace [myTest.e]
- Restoring to myTest.e without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log
- 2 objects found
- 2015-07-03T14:19:57.512+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.e" }
- > db.e.find();
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }
- { "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiaojiao", "age" : 25 }
恢复后结果仍然是jiaojiao,不是jiao,说明备份后倘若某条记录被更新了,无法恢复到备份点的状态了。
这和mysqldump不同。mysql会恢复到备份点的状态。
3.2.2 mysql
#准备测试数据
- mysql> use dba;
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- mysql> create table t1(id int);
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.62 sec)
- mysql> insert into t1(id) values(1);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (1.88 sec)
- mysql> insert into t1(id) values(2);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
- mysql> commit
- -> ;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#备份
- [root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysqldump -u root -p dba t1 > /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak
- Enter password:
- [root@ser6-51 ~]# cd /backup/mysql
- [root@ser6-51 mysql]# ls -ltr
- total 4
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1254 Jul 3 13:37 dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak
该备份脚本内容:
[root@ser6-51 mysql]# cat dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak
- -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.20, for Linux (x86_64)
- --
- -- Host: localhost Database: dba
- -- ------------------------------------------------------
- -- Server version 5.6.20-r5436-log
- /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
- /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
- /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
- /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
- /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
- /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
- /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
- /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
- /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
- /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
- --
- -- Table structure for table `t1`
- --
- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
- /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
- /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
- CREATE TABLE `t1` (
- `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
- /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
- --
- -- Dumping data for table `t1`
- --
- LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
- INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1),(2);
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
- UNLOCK TABLES;
- /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
- /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
- /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
- /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
- /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
- /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
- /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
- /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
- -- Dump completed on 2015-07-03 13:49:24
#插入一条数据
mysql> insert into t1(id) values(3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.60 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#恢复
[root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysql -u root -p dba < /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak
Enter password:
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
新插入的id为3的记录没有了。
此时,我删除其中一条数据:
mysql> delete from t1 where id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.33 sec)
mysql> commit;
恢复:
[root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysql -u root -p dba < /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak
Enter password:
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
因为Mysql就是先删表,再插入的,只能恢复到备份时刻那个点的状态。
#我用的是mongodb版本是2.6.9
#初学,自己研究的,可能有漏洞,仅供参考,欢迎指正。