mongodb备份和恢复实操

可以全部备份，备份单个库，备份单个表。

一、执行命令如下（我这里是备份单个库）

mongodb备份恢复版本不通有一些差异，最好看实际的帮助文档

备份（mongoexport和mongodump）

./mongoexport -d userPortrait -c Portraits -o /bak.json（成功）
./mongodump -h 10.101.200.120 --port 27017 -d userPortrait -o /tmp/wolf.bak (成功)

如果设置验证需要加用户名密码如下
mongodump -d myTest -u superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak  


恢复（mongoimport和mongorestore ）
mongoimport --host=127.0.0.1 --port=27101 -drop -d userPortrait -c Portraits --file /tmp/bak.json（成功）
mongoimport -h 127.0.0.1:27101 -drop -d HRM -c Portraits --file /tmp/bak.json
mongoimport -h 127.0.0.1:27101 -drop -d HRM --file /tmp/bak.json


mongorestore  --host 10.249.100.249:27101 -drop -d userPortrait  /tmp/userPortrait（成功）
mongorestore  --host 10.249.100.249:27101 -drop -d HRM  /tmp/userPortrait（成功）(修改导出时的库名)

==========================================================================================

二、实际操作如下

源
[root@tshopapicenter bin]# ./mongo -port 27017
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test
Server has startup warnings: 
2016-10-14T08:48:22.407+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2016-10-14T08:48:22.407+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-10-14T08:48:22.408+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-10-14T08:48:22.408+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2016-10-14T08:48:22.408+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-10-14T08:48:22.408+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-10-14T08:48:22.409+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2016-10-14T08:48:22.409+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-10-14T08:48:22.409+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
> show dbs
BID           0.108GB
BID_DB        0.000GB
DEVLAND       0.054GB
LAND          0.000GB
TBID          0.049GB
TLAND         0.003GB
devplat       0.101GB
handbtest     0.000GB
local         0.000GB
mongoDBFile   0.001GB
userPortrait  0.811GB
wlb           0.000GB
[root@tshopapicenter mongodb]# cd bin
[root@tshopapicenter bin]# ./mongodump -h 10.101.200.120 --port 27017 -d userPortrait -o /tmp/wolf.bak
2016-11-19T12:00:00.712+0800    writing userPortrait.Portraits to 
2016-11-19T12:00:05.874+0800    [##############..........]  userPortrait.Portraits  19705/32858  (60.0%)
2016-11-19T12:00:06.712+0800    [###############.........]  userPortrait.Portraits  21737/32858  (66.2%)
2016-11-19T12:00:09.712+0800    [################........]  userPortrait.Portraits  23112/32858  (70.3%)
2016-11-19T12:00:12.712+0800    [#################.......]  userPortrait.Portraits  24048/32858  (73.2%)
2016-11-19T12:00:15.712+0800    [##################......]  userPortrait.Portraits  25047/32858  (76.2%)
2016-11-19T12:00:18.712+0800    [##################......]  userPortrait.Portraits  26006/32858  (79.1%)
2016-11-19T12:00:21.712+0800    [###################.....]  userPortrait.Portraits  27314/32858  (83.1%)
2016-11-19T12:00:24.712+0800    [####################....]  userPortrait.Portraits  28094/32858  (85.5%)
2016-11-19T12:00:27.712+0800    [#####################...]  userPortrait.Portraits  29973/32858  (91.2%)
2016-11-19T12:00:31.451+0800    [######################..]  userPortrait.Portraits  31301/32858  (95.3%)
2016-11-19T12:00:33.712+0800    [#######################.]  userPortrait.Portraits  32707/32858  (99.5%)
2016-11-19T12:00:33.746+0800    [########################]  userPortrait.Portraits  32858/32858  (100.0%)
2016-11-19T12:00:33.746+0800    done dumping userPortrait.Portraits (32858 documents)
压缩
scp
[root@localhost tmp]# scp 10.101.200.120:/tmp/userPortrait.tar .
导入目标库
[root@localhost tmp]# mongorestore  --host 10.249.100.249:27101 -drop -d userPortrait  /tmp/userPortrait
2016-11-19T12:49:37.259+0800    building a list of collections to restore from /tmp/userPortrait dir
2016-11-19T12:49:37.259+0800    reading metadata for userPortrait.Portraits from /tmp/userPortrait/Portraits.metadata.json
2016-11-19T12:49:37.368+0800    restoring userPortrait.Portraits from /tmp/userPortrait/Portraits.bson
2016-11-19T12:49:40.259+0800    [#####...................]  userPortrait.Portraits  170.8 MB/765.2 MB  (22.3%)
2016-11-19T12:49:43.259+0800    [#########...............]  userPortrait.Portraits  293.4 MB/765.2 MB  (38.3%)
2016-11-19T12:49:46.259+0800    [###########.............]  userPortrait.Portraits  372.3 MB/765.2 MB  (48.7%)
2016-11-19T12:49:49.259+0800    [#############...........]  userPortrait.Portraits  427.6 MB/765.2 MB  (55.9%)
2016-11-19T12:49:52.259+0800    [#################.......]  userPortrait.Portraits  562.7 MB/765.2 MB  (73.5%)
2016-11-19T12:49:55.259+0800    [######################..]  userPortrait.Portraits  714.6 MB/765.2 MB  (93.4%)
2016-11-19T12:49:56.576+0800    [########################]  userPortrait.Portraits  765.2 MB/765.2 MB  (100.0%)
2016-11-19T12:49:56.576+0800    restoring indexes for collection userPortrait.Portraits from metadata
2016-11-19T12:49:56.606+0800    finished restoring userPortrait.Portraits (32858 documents)
2016-11-19T12:49:56.606+0800    done


root@localhost db]# mongo -port 27101
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.6
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27101/test
Server has startup warnings: 
2016-11-19T10:34:43.745+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-11-19T10:34:43.746+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
> show dbs
HRM    0.000GB
local  0.000GB
> show dbs
HRM           0.000GB
local         0.000GB
userPortrait  0.811GB


导入时修改库名
[root@localhost tmp]# mongorestore  --host 10.249.100.249:27101 -drop -d HRM  /tmp/userPortrait
2016-11-19T13:57:07.943+0800    building a list of collections to restore from /tmp/userPortrait dir
2016-11-19T13:57:07.990+0800    reading metadata for HRM.Portraits from /tmp/userPortrait/Portraits.metadata.json
2016-11-19T13:57:07.990+0800    restoring HRM.Portraits from /tmp/userPortrait/Portraits.bson
2016-11-19T13:57:10.944+0800    [###.....................]  HRM.Portraits  96.9 MB/765.2 MB  (12.7%)
2016-11-19T13:57:13.944+0800    [#####...................]  HRM.Portraits  183.3 MB/765.2 MB  (23.9%)
2016-11-19T13:57:16.944+0800    [#######.................]  HRM.Portraits  223.8 MB/765.2 MB  (29.2%)
2016-11-19T13:57:19.944+0800    [########................]  HRM.Portraits  261.8 MB/765.2 MB  (34.2%)
2016-11-19T13:57:22.944+0800    [##########..............]  HRM.Portraits  319.7 MB/765.2 MB  (41.8%)
2016-11-19T13:57:25.944+0800    [#############...........]  HRM.Portraits  416.2 MB/765.2 MB  (54.4%)
2016-11-19T13:57:28.944+0800    [#############...........]  HRM.Portraits  419.0 MB/765.2 MB  (54.7%)
2016-11-19T13:57:31.944+0800    [##############..........]  HRM.Portraits  448.2 MB/765.2 MB  (58.6%)
2016-11-19T13:57:34.944+0800    [##############..........]  HRM.Portraits  463.6 MB/765.2 MB  (60.6%)
2016-11-19T13:57:37.944+0800    [################........]  HRM.Portraits  513.2 MB/765.2 MB  (67.1%)
2016-11-19T13:57:40.944+0800    [##################......]  HRM.Portraits  592.3 MB/765.2 MB  (77.4%)
2016-11-19T13:57:43.944+0800    [####################....]  HRM.Portraits  666.9 MB/765.2 MB  (87.1%)
2016-11-19T13:57:46.944+0800    [######################..]  HRM.Portraits  702.2 MB/765.2 MB  (91.8%)
2016-11-19T13:57:49.944+0800    [######################..]  HRM.Portraits  720.1 MB/765.2 MB  (94.1%)
2016-11-19T13:57:52.944+0800    [######################..]  HRM.Portraits  727.3 MB/765.2 MB  (95.0%)
2016-11-19T13:57:54.669+0800    [########################]  HRM.Portraits  765.2 MB/765.2 MB  (100.0%)
2016-11-19T13:57:54.669+0800    restoring indexes for collection HRM.Portraits from metadata
2016-11-19T13:57:54.691+0800    finished restoring HRM.Portraits (32858 documents)
2016-11-19T13:57:54.691+0800    done
[root@localhost tmp]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       26G   16G  8.9G  65% /
tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   52M  400M  12% /boot
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_data
                       20G  2.9G   16G  16% /data

=================================================================================================================================

三、查看帮助

[root@localhost tmp]# mongoexport --help
Usage:
  mongoexport <options>


Export data from MongoDB in CSV or JSON format.


See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongoexport/ for more information.


general options:
      --help                                      print usage
      --version                                   print the tool version and exit


verbosity options:
  -v, --verbose=<level>                           more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv,
                                                  or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
      --quiet                                     hide all log output


connection options:
  -h, --host=<hostname>                           mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
      --port=<port>                               server port (can also use --host hostname:port)


authentication options:
  -u, --username=<username>                       username for authentication
  -p, --password=<password>                       password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase=<database-name>    database that holds the user's credentials
      --authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>       authentication mechanism to use


namespace options:
  -d, --db=<database-name>                        database to use
  -c, --collection=<collection-name>              collection to use


output options:
  -f, --fields=<field>[,<field>]*                 comma separated list of field names (required for exporting CSV) e.g. -f
                                                  "name,age"
      --fieldFile=<filename>                      file with field names - 1 per line
      --type=<type>                               the output format, either json or csv (defaults to 'json')
  -o, --out=<filename>                            output file; if not specified, stdout is used
      --jsonArray                                 output to a JSON array rather than one object per line
      --pretty                                    output JSON formatted to be human-readable


querying options:
  -q, --query=<json>                              query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}'
      --queryFile=<filename>                      path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)
  -k, --slaveOk                                   allow secondary reads if available (default true)
      --readPreference=<string>|<json>            specify either a preference name or a preference json object
      --forceTableScan                            force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
      --skip=<count>                              number of documents to skip
      --limit=<count>                             limit the number of documents to export

      --sort=<json>                               sort order, as a JSON string, e.g. '{x:1}'

[root@localhost tmp]# mongoimport --help
Usage:
  mongoimport <options> <file>


Import CSV, TSV or JSON data into MongoDB. If no file is provided, mongoimport reads from stdin.


See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongoimport/ for more information.


general options:
      --help                                      print usage
      --version                                   print the tool version and exit


verbosity options:
  -v, --verbose=<level>                           more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv,
                                                  or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
      --quiet                                     hide all log output


connection options:
  -h, --host=<hostname>                           mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
      --port=<port>                               server port (can also use --host hostname:port)


authentication options:
  -u, --username=<username>                       username for authentication
  -p, --password=<password>                       password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase=<database-name>    database that holds the user's credentials
      --authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>       authentication mechanism to use


namespace options:
  -d, --db=<database-name>                        database to use
  -c, --collection=<collection-name>              collection to use


input options:
  -f, --fields=<field>[,<field>]*                 comma separated list of field names, e.g. -f name,age
      --fieldFile=<filename>                      file with field names - 1 per line
      --file=<filename>                           file to import from; if not specified, stdin is used
      --headerline                                use first line in input source as the field list (CSV and TSV only)
      --jsonArray                                 treat input source as a JSON array
      --type=<type>                               input format to import: json, csv, or tsv (defaults to 'json')


ingest options:
      --drop                                      drop collection before inserting documents
      --ignoreBlanks                              ignore fields with empty values in CSV and TSV
      --maintainInsertionOrder                    insert documents in the order of their appearance in the input source
  -j, --numInsertionWorkers=<number>              number of insert operations to run concurrently (defaults to 1)
      --stopOnError                               stop importing at first insert/upsert error
      --upsert                                    insert or update objects that already exist
      --upsertFields=<field>[,<field>]*           comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert
      --writeConcern=<write-concern-specifier>    write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3,
                                                  wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}' (defaults to 'majority')
      --bypassDocumentValidation                  bypass document validation

[root@localhost tmp]# mongodump --help
Usage:
  mongodump <options>


Export the content of a running server into .bson files.


Specify a database with -d and a collection with -c to only dump that database or collection.


See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongodump/ for more information.


general options:
      --help                                                print usage
      --version                                             print the tool version and exit


verbosity options:
  -v, --verbose=<level>                                     more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity,
                                                            e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
      --quiet                                               hide all log output


connection options:
  -h, --host=<hostname>                                     mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
      --port=<port>                                         server port (can also use --host hostname:port)


authentication options:
  -u, --username=<username>                                 username for authentication
  -p, --password=<password>                                 password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase=<database-name>              database that holds the user's credentials
      --authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>                 authentication mechanism to use


namespace options:
  -d, --db=<database-name>                                  database to use
  -c, --collection=<collection-name>                        collection to use


query options:
  -q, --query=                                              query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}'
      --queryFile=                                          path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)
      --readPreference=<string>|<json>                      specify either a preference name or a preference json object
      --forceTableScan                                      force a table scan


output options:
  -o, --out=<directory-path>                                output directory, or '-' for stdout (defaults to 'dump')
      --gzip                                                compress archive our collection output with Gzip
      --repair                                              try to recover documents from damaged data files (not supported by all
                                                            storage engines)
      --oplog                                               use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot
      --archive=<file-path>                                 dump as an archive to the specified path. If flag is specified without
                                                            a value, archive is written to stdout
      --dumpDbUsersAndRoles                                 dump user and role definitions for the specified database
      --excludeCollection=<collection-name>                 collection to exclude from the dump (may be specified multiple times to
                                                            exclude additional collections)
      --excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=<collection-prefix>    exclude all collections from the dump that have the given prefix (may
                                                            be specified multiple times to exclude additional prefixes)
  -j, --numParallelCollections=                             number of collections to dump in parallel (4 by default)

[root@localhost tmp]# mongorestore --help
Usage:
  mongorestore <options> <directory or file to restore>


Restore backups generated with mongodump to a running server.


Specify a database with -d to restore a single database from the target directory,
or use -d and -c to restore a single collection from a single .bson file.


See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/ for more information.


general options:
      --help                                      print usage
      --version                                   print the tool version and exit


verbosity options:
  -v, --verbose=<level>                           more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv,
                                                  or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
      --quiet                                     hide all log output


connection options:
  -h, --host=<hostname>                           mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
      --port=<port>                               server port (can also use --host hostname:port)


authentication options:
  -u, --username=<username>                       username for authentication
  -p, --password=<password>                       password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase=<database-name>    database that holds the user's credentials
      --authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>       authentication mechanism to use


namespace options:
  -d, --db=<database-name>                        database to use
  -c, --collection=<collection-name>              collection to use


input options:
      --objcheck                                  validate all objects before inserting
      --oplogReplay                               replay oplog for point-in-time restore
      --oplogLimit=<seconds>[:ordinal]            only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp
      --archive=<filename>                        restore dump from the specified archive file.  If flag is specified without a
                                                  value, archive is read from stdin
      --restoreDbUsersAndRoles                    restore user and role definitions for the given database
      --dir=<directory-name>                      input directory, use '-' for stdin
      --gzip                                      decompress gzipped input


restore options:
      --drop                                      drop each collection before import
      --writeConcern=<write-concern>              write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3,
                                                  wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}' (defaults to 'majority')
      --noIndexRestore                            don't restore indexes
      --noOptionsRestore                          don't restore collection options
      --keepIndexVersion                          don't update index version
      --maintainInsertionOrder                    preserve order of documents during restoration
  -j, --numParallelCollections=                   number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default)
      --numInsertionWorkersPerCollection=         number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default)
      --stopOnError                               stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off by default)
      --bypassDocumentValidation                  bypass document validation