c++ 基础13、线程池封装2

上一篇 (78条消息) C++ 基础12、线程池和有锁队列设计封装_Mr-zhou先生的博客-CSDN博客中讲述了关于使用 std::thread 创建线程池的方法，今天这一篇使用原始的创建线程方法来创建线程池

一、线程创建

主体，线程池初始创建传参数 最小线程数和最大线程数以及队列大小，其中队列大小使用数组表示，不在使用STL库中的容器

/**
 * 线程池创建
 * @brief createthreadPool
 * @param min_thr_num
 * @param max_thr_num
 * @param max_queue_size
 * @return
 */
threadPool_t * createthreadPool(int min_thr_num,int max_thr_num,int max_queue_size){

     threadPool_t *pool = NULL;
     do {
         if(pool==nullptr){

            if((pool = (threadPool_t*)malloc(sizeof (threadPool_t)))==nullptr)
            {
                std::cout<<"malloc thread pool failed"<<std::endl;
                break;
            }
         }
         /// 参数赋值
         pool->min_thr_num = min_thr_num;
         pool->max_thr_num = max_thr_num;
         pool->queue_max_size = max_queue_size;
         pool->live_thr_num = min_thr_num;
         /// 参数校验
         if((max_thr_num <=0) ||(max_thr_num < min_thr_num) || (max_queue_size <=0))
         {
            std::cout<<"createPool param value is invailed"<<std::endl;
            break;
         }
         /// 线程 id 空间申请
         if((pool->threads = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof (pthread_t)*max_thr_num))==nullptr){
               std::cout<<"pool threads malloc failed "<<std::endl;
               break;
         }
         else{
             /// 线程id 清零
             memset(pool->threads,0,sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num);
             /// 队列容器内存申请
             pool->task_queue = (threadPool_task*)malloc(sizeof(threadPool_task)*max_queue_size);
             if(pool->task_queue == nullptr){
                std::cout<<"threadPool_task malloc failed "<<std::endl;
                break;
             }
             /** 初始化互斥琐、条件变量 */
             if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->lockself), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->busy_thread_counter), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL) != 0)
             {
                 std::cout<<"init the lock or cond fail"<<std::endl;
                 break;
             }
             /** 依据 最小线程数 进行创建**/
             for(int i=0;i<pool->min_thr_num;i++){
                 pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]),nullptr,threadpool_thread,(void*)pool);
                 std::cout<<"thread start"<<std::endl;
             }
             /** 启动管理者线程 */
             pthread_create(&(pool->adjust_tid), NULL, adjust_thread, (void *)pool);
             return pool;
         }
     } while (0);
     threadpool_free(pool);
     return nullptr;
}

二、工作线程

工作线程中任务队列中获取任务，并执行，在执行过程中并对线程进行动态管理。

/**
 * 工作线程
 * 从工作队列中获取任务的一种方法
 * 动态性的线程分配管理
 * @brief threadpool_thread
 * @param threadpool
 * @return
 */
void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool){

    threadPool_t *pool = (threadPool_t*)threadpool;
    threadPool_task task;
    while (true) {

        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->lockself);
        /** 是否关闭线程池**/
        if(pool->shutdown){
            std::cout<<"thread shutdown"<<std::endl;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
            pthread_exit(nullptr);
        }
        while (pool->queue_size ==0 && (!pool->shutdown)) {

            /** 等待任务队列不为空**/
            pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty),&(pool->lockself));
            /** 线程管理**/
            if (pool->wait_exit_thr_num > 0) {
                 pool->wait_exit_thr_num--;
                 if(pool->live_thr_num>pool->min_thr_num){
                     pool->live_thr_num --;
                     pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
                     pthread_exit(nullptr);
                 }
            }
        }
        /** 从队列头部获取工作**/
        task.function = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].function;
        task.arg = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].arg;
        /** 更新 对头 下标 **/
        pool->queue_front = (pool->queue_front+1) % pool->queue_max_size;
        pool->queue_size--;
        /** 通知可以有新的任务添加进来*/
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));
        std::cout<<"2"<<std::endl;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
        /** 执行任务 **/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        pool->busy_thr_num++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));

        (*(task.function))(task.arg);

        /** 任务结束 **/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        pool->busy_thr_num--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
    }
    pthread_exit(nullptr);
}

三、线程管理

创建一个线程，对线程进行动态管理，创建线程或者销毁线程。

/** 管理线程 */
void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool)
{
    int i;
    threadPool_t *pool = (threadPool_t *)threadpool;
    while (!pool->shutdown) {

        Sleep(DEFAULT_TIME);                                    /*定时 对线程池管理*/

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
        int queue_size = pool->queue_size;                      /* 关注 任务数 */
        int live_thr_num = pool->live_thr_num;                  /* 存活 线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        int busy_thr_num = pool->busy_thr_num;                  /* 忙着的线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));

        /* 创建新线程 算法： 任务数大于最小线程池个数, 且存活的线程数少于最大线程个数时 如：30>=10 && 40<100*/
        if (queue_size >= MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM && live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num) {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
            int add = 0;

            /*一次增加 DEFAULT_THREAD 个线程*/
            for (i = 0; i < pool->max_thr_num && add < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY
                    && pool->live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num; i++) {
                if (pool->threads[i] == 0 || !is_thread_alive(pool->threads[i])) {
                    pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);
                    add++;
                    pool->live_thr_num++;
                }
            }

            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));
        }

        /* 销毁多余的空闲线程 算法：忙线程X2 小于 存活的线程数 且 存活的线程数 大于 最小线程数时*/
        if ((busy_thr_num * 2) < live_thr_num  &&  live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) {

            /* 一次销毁DEFAULT_THREAD个线程, 隨機10個即可 */
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
            pool->wait_exit_thr_num = DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY;      /* 要销毁的线程数 设置为10 */
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));

            for (i = 0; i < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; i++) {
                /* 通知处在空闲状态的线程, 他们会自行终止*/
                pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
            }
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

总体代码：
 

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <queue>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <string.h>
#include <QtGlobal>

#ifdef Q_OS_LINUX
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif

#define DEFAULT_TIME 1000                 /*10s检测一次*/
#define MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 10            /*如果queue_size > MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 添加新的线程到线程池*/
#define DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY 10          /*每次创建和销毁线程的个数*/


/**
 * 任务结构体
*/
typedef struct {
    void *(*function)(void *);
    void *arg;
}threadPool_task;
/**
 * 线程池结构体信息
 */
struct threadPool_t{

    threadPool_t(){
        busy_thr_num = 0;
        queue_size = 0;
        queue_front = 0;
        queue_rear = 0;
        shutdown = false;
    }
    /** 用于琐住本身 **/
    pthread_mutex_t lockself;
    /** 忙状态线程锁 **/
    pthread_mutex_t busy_thread_counter;
    /** 队列不为空 **/
    pthread_cond_t  queue_not_empty;
    /** 队列不满 **/
    pthread_cond_t  queue_not_full;
    /** 线程 tid 数组 **/
    pthread_t * threads;
    /** 线程管理者 **/
    pthread_t adjust_tid;
    /** 任务队列 **/
    threadPool_task *task_queue;
    /** 线程池最小线程数 */
    int min_thr_num;
    /** 线程池最大线程数 */
    int max_thr_num;
    /** 当前存活线程个数 */
    int live_thr_num;
    /** 忙状态线程个数 */
    int busy_thr_num;
    /** 要销毁的线程个数 */
    int wait_exit_thr_num;
    /** task_queue队头下标 */
    int queue_front;
    /** task_queue队尾下标 */
    int queue_rear;
    /** task_queue队中实际任务数 */
    int queue_size;
    /** task_queue队列可容纳任务数上限 */
    int queue_max_size;
    /** 标志位，线程池使用状态，true或false */
    int shutdown;

};

/**
 * 释放内存
 * @brief threadpool_free
 * @param pool
 */
void threadpool_free(threadPool_t *pool){

    if(pool ==nullptr)
        return;
    if(pool->task_queue){
        free(pool->task_queue);
    }
    if(pool->threads){
        free(pool->threads);
        /** 释放前 先获取一下 **/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
               pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->lockself));
               pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
               pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
               pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
               pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_full));
    }
    free(pool);
    pool =nullptr;
}

/**
 * 工作线程
 * 从工作队列中获取任务的一种方法
 * 动态性的线程分配管理
 * @brief threadpool_thread
 * @param threadpool
 * @return
 */
void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool){

    threadPool_t *pool = (threadPool_t*)threadpool;
    threadPool_task task;
    while (true) {

        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->lockself);
        /** 是否关闭线程池**/
        if(pool->shutdown){
            std::cout<<"thread shutdown"<<std::endl;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
            pthread_exit(nullptr);
        }
        while (pool->queue_size ==0 && (!pool->shutdown)) {

            /** 等待任务队列不为空**/
            pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty),&(pool->lockself));
            /** 线程管理**/
            if (pool->wait_exit_thr_num > 0) {
                 pool->wait_exit_thr_num--;
                 if(pool->live_thr_num>pool->min_thr_num){
                     pool->live_thr_num --;
                     pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
                     pthread_exit(nullptr);
                 }
            }
        }
        /** 从队列头部获取工作**/
        task.function = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].function;
        task.arg = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].arg;
        /** 更新 对头 下标 **/
        pool->queue_front = (pool->queue_front+1) % pool->queue_max_size;
        pool->queue_size--;
        /** 通知可以有新的任务添加进来*/
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));
        std::cout<<"2"<<std::endl;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->lockself);
        /** 执行任务 **/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        pool->busy_thr_num++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));

        (*(task.function))(task.arg);

        /** 任务结束 **/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        pool->busy_thr_num--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
    }
    pthread_exit(nullptr);
}

/**
 * 任务添加
 * @brief threadPool_add
 * @param pool
 * @param arg
 */
void threadPool_add(threadPool_t *pool,void*(*function)(void *arg),void*arg)
{
     pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
     if(pool->shutdown){
         pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));
     }
     while((pool->queue_size == pool->queue_max_size) && (!pool->shutdown)){
         pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_full), &(pool->lockself));
     }

     /** 清空 工作线程 调用的回调函数 的参数arg */
     if (pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg != NULL) {
         free(pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg);
         pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = NULL;
     }
     /** 添加任务到任务队列里*/
     pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].function = function;
     pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = arg;
     pool->queue_rear = (pool->queue_rear + 1) % pool->queue_max_size;       /* 队尾指针移动, 模拟环形 */
     pool->queue_size++;
     pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));
}

/**
 *发0号信号，测试线程是否存活
 * @brief is_thread_alive
 * @param tid
 * @return
 */
int is_thread_alive(pthread_t tid)
{
    int kill_rc = pthread_kill(tid, 0);
    if (kill_rc == ESRCH) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

/** 管理线程 */
void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool)
{
    int i;
    threadPool_t *pool = (threadPool_t *)threadpool;
    while (!pool->shutdown) {

        Sleep(DEFAULT_TIME);                                    /*定时 对线程池管理*/

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
        int queue_size = pool->queue_size;                      /* 关注 任务数 */
        int live_thr_num = pool->live_thr_num;                  /* 存活 线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));
        int busy_thr_num = pool->busy_thr_num;                  /* 忙着的线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->busy_thread_counter));

        /* 创建新线程 算法： 任务数大于最小线程池个数, 且存活的线程数少于最大线程个数时 如：30>=10 && 40<100*/
        if (queue_size >= MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM && live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num) {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
            int add = 0;

            /*一次增加 DEFAULT_THREAD 个线程*/
            for (i = 0; i < pool->max_thr_num && add < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY
                    && pool->live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num; i++) {
                if (pool->threads[i] == 0 || !is_thread_alive(pool->threads[i])) {
                    pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);
                    add++;
                    pool->live_thr_num++;
                }
            }

            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));
        }

        /* 销毁多余的空闲线程 算法：忙线程X2 小于 存活的线程数 且 存活的线程数 大于 最小线程数时*/
        if ((busy_thr_num * 2) < live_thr_num  &&  live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) {

            /* 一次销毁DEFAULT_THREAD个线程, 隨機10個即可 */
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lockself));
            pool->wait_exit_thr_num = DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY;      /* 要销毁的线程数 设置为10 */
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lockself));

            for (i = 0; i < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; i++) {
                /* 通知处在空闲状态的线程, 他们会自行终止*/
                pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
            }
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

int threadpool_destroy(threadPool_t *pool)
{
    int i;
    if (pool == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    pool->shutdown = true;

    /*先销毁管理线程*/
    pthread_join(pool->adjust_tid, NULL);

    for (i = 0; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) {
        /*通知所有的空闲线程*/
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) {
        pthread_join(pool->threads[i], NULL);
    }
    threadpool_free(pool);

    return 0;
}

/**
 * 线程池创建
 * @brief createthreadPool
 * @param min_thr_num
 * @param max_thr_num
 * @param max_queue_size
 * @return
 */
threadPool_t * createthreadPool(int min_thr_num,int max_thr_num,int max_queue_size){

     threadPool_t *pool = NULL;
     do {
         if(pool==nullptr){

            if((pool = (threadPool_t*)malloc(sizeof (threadPool_t)))==nullptr)
            {
                std::cout<<"malloc thread pool failed"<<std::endl;
                break;
            }
         }
         /// 参数赋值
         pool->min_thr_num = min_thr_num;
         pool->max_thr_num = max_thr_num;
         pool->queue_max_size = max_queue_size;
         pool->live_thr_num = min_thr_num;
         /// 参数校验
         if((max_thr_num <=0) ||(max_thr_num < min_thr_num) || (max_queue_size <=0))
         {
            std::cout<<"createPool param value is invailed"<<std::endl;
            break;
         }
         /// 线程 id 空间申请
         if((pool->threads = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof (pthread_t)*max_thr_num))==nullptr){
               std::cout<<"pool threads malloc failed "<<std::endl;
               break;
         }
         else{
             /// 线程id 清零
             memset(pool->threads,0,sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num);
             /// 队列容器内存申请
             pool->task_queue = (threadPool_task*)malloc(sizeof(threadPool_task)*max_queue_size);
             if(pool->task_queue == nullptr){
                std::cout<<"threadPool_task malloc failed "<<std::endl;
                break;
             }
             /** 初始化互斥琐、条件变量 */
             if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->lockself), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->busy_thread_counter), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL) != 0
                     || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL) != 0)
             {
                 std::cout<<"init the lock or cond fail"<<std::endl;
                 break;
             }
             /** 依据 最小线程数 进行创建**/
             for(int i=0;i<pool->min_thr_num;i++){
                 pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]),nullptr,threadpool_thread,(void*)pool);
                 std::cout<<"thread start"<<std::endl;
             }
             /** 启动管理者线程 */
             pthread_create(&(pool->adjust_tid), NULL, adjust_thread, (void *)pool);
             return pool;
         }
     } while (0);
     threadpool_free(pool);
     return nullptr;
}

void *process(void *arg)
{
    Sleep(1000);
    std::cout<<"task is :"<<*(int *)arg<<std::endl;
    return NULL;
}

int main(void)
{
    std::cout<<"pool start"<<std::endl;
    threadPool_t *thp = createthreadPool(3,100,100);/*创建线程池，池里最小3个线程，最大100，队列最大100*/
    int num[20], i;
    for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        num[i]=i;
        threadPool_add(thp, process, (void*)&num[i]);     /* 向线程池中添加任务 */
    }
    Sleep(1000);                                          /* 等子线程完成任务 */
    threadpool_destroy(thp);

    return 0;
}

由于本人经验有限，如有错误，欢迎修正。