AMQP中的概念

1、生产者和消费者：生产者创建消息，然后发布到代理服务器的队列中，代理服务器会把消息发送给感兴趣的接受方。消费者链接到代理服务器，并订阅到队列上，接收消息

2、信道channel：信道是“真实的”TCP连接内的虚拟连接，AMQP的命令都是通过信道发送的。在一条TCP连接上可以创建多条信道

3、队列：存放消息的地方，队列通过路由键绑定到交换机，生产者通过交换机将消息发送到队列中。

4、交换机和绑定: 生产者发布消息时，先将消息发送到交换机，通过交换机与队列的绑定规则将消息发送到队列。常见的交换机有topic、fanout、direct

direct交换机：direct交换机是包含空白字符串的默认交换机，当声明队列时会主动绑定到默认交换机，并且以队列名称为路由键

fanout交换机：这种交换机会将收到的消息广播到绑定的队列

topic交换机：topic交换机可以通过路由键的正则表达式将消息发送到多个队列

5、vhost：虚拟主机，就是一个AMQP服务，拥有自己的队列、交换机和绑定、权限，vhost使得一个AMQP可以为多个应用程序服务

6、持久化：持久化指的是能从AMQP服务器崩溃中恢复消息，要实现消息的持久化，必须要：把消息的投递模式设置为2（持久化），发布到持久化的交换机，到达持久化的队列

下面是一个demo：

hello-world-producer.py

import pika, sys

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("guest", "guest")
conn_params = pika.ConnectionParameters("localhost",
        credentials = credentials)
conn_broker = pika.BlockingConnection(conn_params)

channel = conn_broker.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange="hello-exchange",
        type = "direct",
        passive = False,
        durable = True,
        auto_delete = False)
msg = sys.argv[1]
msg_props = pika.BasicProperties()
msg_props.content_type = "text/plain"

channel.basic_publish(body=msg,
        exchange = "hello-exchange",
        properties = msg_props,
        routing_key = "hola")

hello-world-consume.py

import pika
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("guest", "guest")
conn_params = pika.ConnectionParameters("localhost", 
        credentials = credentials)

conn_broker = pika.BlockingConnection(conn_params)

channel = conn_broker.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange = "hello-exchange",
        type = "direct",
        passive = False,
        durable = True,
        auto_delete = False)
channel.queue_declare(queue = "hello-queue")
channel.queue_bind(queue="hello-queue",
        exchange = "hello-exchange",
        routing_key = "hola")
def msg_consumer(channel, method, header, body):
    channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
    if body == "quit":
        channel.basic_cancel(consumer_tag = "hello-sonsumer")
        channel.stop_consuming()
    else:
        print body

    return

channel.basic_consume(msg_consumer,
        queue = "hello-queue",
        consumer_tag = "hello-consumer")
channel.start_consuming()

参考《rabbitmq实战》第二章