在U盘安装Ubuntu12.10后,接下来要安装的软件:
0. fingerprint
0.1 add sources.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fingerprint/fingerprint-gui
sudo apt-get update
0.2 Install the packages:
sudo apt-get install libbsapi policykit-
1. Weather Indicator Applet
sudo apt-get install indicator-weather
有的版本有bug,编辑 /usr/bin/indicator-weather :
sudo vim /usr/bin/indicator-weather
line 367:
if (yahoo_woeid_result['ResultSet']['Error'] != '0') and (yahoo_woeid_result['ResultSet']['Results'] != None):
2.System Load Indicator
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload
3.set swap:
3.1 sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/64MB.swap bs=1M count=64
记录了64+0 的读入
记录了64+0 的写出
67108864字节(67 MB)已复制,0.119334 秒,562 MB/秒
3.2 sudo mkswap /mnt/64MB.swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 65532 KiB
no label, UUID=a9fd9b5e-6abb-484d-b458-c93e8ed35608
3.3 sudo swapon /mnt/64MB.swap
3.4 verify:
cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 3974628 kB <-- I have 4G ram, so just add 64M for swap.
MemFree: 2396748 kB
Buffers: 46228 kB
Cached: 930808 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 591540 kB
Inactive: 820144 kB
Active(anon): 444012 kB
Inactive(anon): 340940 kB
Active(file): 147528 kB
Inactive(file): 479204 kB
Unevictable: 33800 kB
Mlocked: 33800 kB
SwapTotal: 65532 kB
SwapFree: 65532 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 40 kB
AnonPages: 468444 kB
Mapped: 120460 kB
Shmem: 342268 kB
Slab: 52180 kB
SReclaimable: 28264 kB
SUnreclaim: 23916 kB
KernelStack: 3176 kB
PageTables: 27564 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 2052844 kB
Committed_AS: 3219680 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 354252 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359377783 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 41664 kB
DirectMap2M: 3028992 kB
3.5 edit /etc/fstab:
# swap
/mnt/100MB.swap swap swap defaults 0 0
3.5.1 优化swap
我在日常使用ubuntu时,经常要同时打开10几个窗口和应用,有时候就会发生速度变得很慢的情况,甚至系统明显反应迟钝,这时一般是物理内存不够用,系统开始用换硬盘上的swap分区做虚拟内存,其速度可想而知。
在ubuntu里面往往不是物理内存全部耗尽采取使用swap分区,swappiness的值的大小对如何使用swap分区是有着很大的联系的。 swappiness=0的时候表示最大限度使用物理内存,然后才是 swap空间,swappiness=100的时候表示积极的使用swap分区,并且把内存上的数据及时的搬运到swap空间里面。两个极端,对于 ubuntu的默认设置,这个值等于60,搞定了8G内存,所以修改为0:
/etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=0
当然也可以临时修改(临时恢复回去):
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10
3.6 reboot.
---undo set swap---
a. delete the line added in /etc/fstab
b. sudo swapoff /mnt/64MB.swap
c. sudo rm /mnt/64MB.swap
4. set cpu_freq
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:artfwo/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
5. use ramdisk to speed up ur system
将~/.cache和~/.mozilla和~/.thumbnails和/tmp挂在到内存磁盘上,可以显著提高chrome和firefox和nautilus的运行速度
在/etc/fstab中加入:
tmpfs /home/yummy/.cache tmpfs mode=1777,noatime,user 0 0
tmpfs /home/yummy/.mozilla tmpfs mode=1777,noatime,user 0 0
tmpfs /home/yummy/.thumbnails tmpfs mode=1777,noatime,user 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,user 0 0
使用命令:
1 mount -a
或者重启系统即可生效,可以使用命令df -h观察内存磁盘的占用情况。
----------------------
设置nautilus的好处不止提高速度,还能避免隐私外泄:
http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390451117?page=1
http://hi.baidu.com/cat650/item/3690800db2e8528e02ce1be0
----------------------
升级到了8G内存,
less /etc/fstab
#tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,user 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs size=7g 0 0
df -h
tmpfs 7.0G 3.2G 3.9G 46% /tmp
----------------------
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fuse-exfat
7. JAVA
7.1
sudo apt-get purge openjdk-\*
这个应该是删除 openjdk的,如果没安装,就什么都不会发生。貌似废话。
7.2
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/java
7.3
cd /home/"your_user_name"/Downloads
中文系统是‘下载’。貌似还是废话。
JDK(Java SE Development Kit 7 Update 9) 下载地址:
7.4sudo -s tar xzvf jdk-7u12-ea-bin-b08-linux-x64-03_jan_2013.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/
7.5
sudo vim /etc/profile
添加
:# 2013-04-16 , add JAVA profile.
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin
JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/jre
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export JRE_HOME
export PATH
红色部分错写为
JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre1.7.0_09
貌似也能run eclipse .
这应该是eclipse 在run 的时候读取是的JAVA_HOME.
7.6
update-alternatives
(为什么要做这6步?他们的目的是update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/jre/bin/java 来提供 /usr/bin/java (java), 于 自动模式 中。)
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/jre/bin/java" 1
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/bin/javac" 1
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/bin/javaws" 1
sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/jre/bin/java
sudo update-alternatives --set javac /usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/bin/javac
sudo update-alternatives --set javaws /usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_12/bin/javaws
8.
顺便说一下,如果嫌前面的部分太长,可以PS1="\u@\h\$:"
例如:
name@xx:
9.PDF显示为空白。(reference : http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/PDF%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B9%B1%E7%A0%81%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98)
sudo apt-get install poppler-data
163的源有问题,需要修改源:
#上海交通大学
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
10.显示更多历史:
~/.bash_profile
HISTSIZE=25000
HISTFILESIZE=25000