《Mastering RabbitMQ》_笔记

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-13 07:55:00 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-01-13 07:55:00 发布
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基于《Mastering RabbitMQ》
消息中间件：消息路由与确认机制，消息备份与持久化。

1，Getting Started

消息队列，队列结构，先进先出FIFO。
队列类型：普通队列，镜像队列，独占队列。
rabbitmqctl命令：

  • stop、shutdown；关闭rabbitmq和erlang虚拟机。
  • stop_app、start_app；关闭、启动rabbitmq
  • reset；重置rabbitmq数据
  • status；状态

producer–connection(channel)–vhost–exchange–binding–queue–connection(channel)–consumer

2，Configuring Rabbitmq

环境变量、配置文件、运行时参数
配置文件位置

  • linux：/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config
  • window：~/etc/rabbitmq.config

环境变量

定义节点名，文件夹路径，ip和port，erlang虚拟机参数。
linux，RABBITMQ_CONF_ENV_FILE/rabbitmq-env.conf；默认为/etc/rabbitmq，echo查看，export设置。
window，直接设置环境变量，或者修改rabbitmq-env.bat。
除rabbitmq-defaults.bat外，其余bat脚本都调用rabbitmq-env.bat。

作用linux默；设置时不带rabbitmq_前缀window默；BASE指代%RABBITMQ_BASE%
rabbitmq_nodename节点名rabbit@hostnamerabbit@%COMPUTERNAME%
rabbitmq_base日志、数据位置无%APPDATA%/RabbitMQ
rabbitmq_config_file配置文件/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.confBASE/rabbitmq.conf
rabbitmq_log_base日志全路径名/var/log/rabbitmqBASE/log
rabbitmq_mnesia_base数据库文件目录/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesiaBASE/db
rabbitmq_plugins_dir插件目录~/pluginsBASE/plugins
rabbitmq_node_ip_address绑定的ip0.0.0.00.0.0.0
rabbitmq_node_port绑定的端口56725672

配置文件

linux：/etc/rabbitmq；
window：%APPDATA%/RabbitMQ
由rabbitmq.conf、advanced.conf组成。配置网络、安全、存储、队列等。
3.7.0以前，为rabbitmq.config类型，数组[]，注释用%%；
3.7.0及以后，可用rabbitmq.conf类型，key=value，注释用#。

  • auth_mechanisms；SASL安全验证机制，[‘PLAIN’, ‘AMQPLAIN’]
  • default_user；用户名，guest
  • default_pass；密码，guest
  • default_permission；默认vhost的配置、读、写权限，[".", ".", “.*”]
  • disk_free_limit；磁盘最少剩余量，低时报警。50M
  • heartbeat；心跳间隔，s。60默，0禁用
  • hipe_compile；HIPE高效编译，false
  • log_levels；日志级别，[{connection, info}]默。
    事件类别：channel、connection、federation、mirroring；
    日志级别：error、warn、info、debug、none
  • tcp_listeners；监听端口地址，[5672]
  • ssl_listeners；ssl连接端口地址，同上，[]
  • vm_memory_high_watermark；流程控制阈值，0.4

运行时参数

运行时修改环境变量、配置文件参数值。
先list查看，后修改。
rabbitmqctl命令，set_、clear_、list_前缀：

  • set_parameter，clear_parameter，list_parameters；设置、清除、展示参数
  • set_policy，cluear_policy，list_policies；策略，queue和exchange在集群中的行为
  • set_vm_memory_high_watermark；设置流程控制阈值

3，Architecture and Messaging

消息中间件作用：

  • 解耦。代码解耦用依赖注入，结构解耦用消息中间件。
  • 整合多平台。提供统一的消息格式。
  • 解决可扩展性。消息中间件高吞吐量、低延时、高并发，可有效充当中间者。事件驱动。

信息收发相关结构：

  • Message Oriented Middleware Architecture；消息中间件结构，producer-broker-consumer。解决系统整合、系统间通信问题。
  • Event Driven Architecture；事件驱动结构，异步；基于消息推送，push。event producer-event manager-event consumer(监听器)。解决扩展性，高可用。

4，Clustering and High Availability

Federation级联

多个rabbitmq实例间传输message。

  • rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_federation；开启级联
  • rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_federation_management；开启管理

三级配置：upstreams上游、upstream sets一组上游、policies交换器匹配策略。
类似主从。下游从上游upstream取消息。

集群

集群间共享元数据；去中心化。
集群节点分两类：ram(元数据存于内存)，disk(元数据存于内存和磁盘)
集群中至少要一个disk节点，否则不能修改元数据。
启动rabbitmq时设置节点类型，默认为disk节点。
创建集群
rabbitmqctl stop_app；
rabbitmqctl join_cluster NAME；加入集群重启后，会自动加入集群

  • status获取NAME；
  • host文件添加映射；
  • 复制.erlang.cookie文件。window中为C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile、C:\Users\Administrator。文件值经hash计算后作为cookie值。

rabbitmqctl start_app；
rabbitmqctl cluster_status；查看集群状态
rabbitmqctl change_cluster_node_type ram/disk；修改集群节点类型
rabbitmqctl forget_cluster_node NAME；移除集群节点
window下运行多个rabbitmq
设置临时节点名、tcp端口、配置文件路径；而后启动rabbitmq-server。
配置文件路径不允许有空格。
配置文件rabbit5673.conf；内容：management.tcp.port = 15673
使用默认配置文件，且不使用web控制台，可不配配置文件路径。
启动脚本：

set RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5673
echo %RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT%
set RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit%RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT%
echo %RABBITMQ_NODENAME%
set RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE=D:\workSoftWare\rabbitmq\rabbitmq_server-3.7.11\sbin\%RABBITMQ_NODENAME%
echo %RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE%
rabbitmq-server -detached

高可用

keepalived等tcp负载均衡工具。

5，Plugins and Plugin Development

插件是软件扩展的主要方式。

插件管理和默认插件

rubbitmq-plugins enable/disable通过修改插件配置，并通知server，开启/禁用插件。
rubbitmq-plugins，-n指定节点名：

  • help；命令详情
  • list；列出插件。-v详情，-e所有开启的插件
  • enable/disable NAMES；开启、禁用，逗号隔开

安装第三方插件：

  • 下载插件，make制作.ez格式插件包；放到~/plugins目录。window安装make命令
  • rabbitmq-plugins enable Name；开启插件

插件配置参数：

  • rabbitmq_plugins_dir；插件目录，$RABBITMQ_HOME/plugins
  • rabbitmq_plugins_expand_dir；扩展目录。$RABBITMQ_MNESIA_BASE/$RABBITMQ_NODENAMEplugins-expand

6，Managing Your RabbitMQ Server

用户管理，vhost体系管理，收发消息
方式：rabbitmqctl、web控制台、rest API

命令行管理

rabbitmqctl CMD ARGS；命令格式
rabbitmqctl help CMD；命令详情
rabbitmqctl help > help；将命令详情存入本地文件，便于查看
集群命令
join_cluster；加入集群
forget_cluster_node；移除节点
change_cluster_node_type；修改节点类型，dist、ram
update_cluster_nodes；更新节点信息
cluster_status；集群状态
用户命令
add_user，delete_user；增删用户
change_password，clear_password；修改密码，清除密码
set_user_tags；设置角色
list_users；列出所有用户
vhost及权限命令
vhost，权限的最小粒度；一个节点多个vhost，满足多租户。
权限类型：configure、read、write
add_vhost，delete_vhost，list_vhosts；增删，列出所有vhost
set_permissions，clear_permissions；设置权限，清除权限
list_permissions，list_user_permissions；列出所有用户，指定用户权限
其他命令
set_parameter，clear_parameter，list_parameters；vhost参数
set_policy，clear_policy，list_policies；策略
list_queues，list_bindings，list_exchanges；列出队列、绑定、交换器
list_connections，list_channels，list_consumers；列出连接、通道、消费者
status，report；节点状态，节点报告(包含状态)
environment；应用的环境变量
close_connection；关闭连接
trace_on，trace_off；开启，关闭虚拟机
start_app，stop_app；开启，关闭rabbitmq
stop、shutdown；关闭rabbitmq、erlang虚拟机。
reset；重置rabbitmq，会清空集群连接信息。
set_vm_memory_high_water；内存阈值

web控制台

可管理user/permission、vhost、exchange、binding、queue、connection；可视化监控；收发消息。
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management；开启web控制台，需重启erlang
port–15672，guest:guest
控制台查看消息内容，不会消费消息。只能查看队首消息。

个人

配置：环境变量(临时，env脚本)、配置文件(默认，env脚本指定)、实时参数
组件：rabbitmq-service，rabbitmqctl，rabbitmq-plugins
集群：类似es，主从队列；集群节点元数据相同；转发方式获取队列消息
exchange类型：head，direct、topic，fanout；消息发布
队列类型：

  • 内存队列，持久化队列
  • 普通队列，镜像队列，独占队列

消息分发策略：发布订阅(多次消费)、轮询分发(推)，公平分发(权重，推)，重发，消息拉取
队列匹配：直接，topic

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