用C++和Windows的互斥对象（Mutex）来实现线程同步锁

//这是2个线程模拟卖火车票的小程序
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream.h>
 
DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter);//thread data
DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpParameter);//thread data
 
int index=0;
int tickets=10;
HANDLE hMutex;
void main()
{
    HANDLE hThread1;
    HANDLE hThread2;
    //创建线程
 
    hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL);
    hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread1);
    CloseHandle(hThread2);
 
    //创建互斥对象
    hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,"tickets");
    if (hMutex)
    {
        if (ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS==GetLastError())
        {
            cout<<"only one instance can run!"<<endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
    ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
    ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
    
    Sleep(4000);
}
//线程1的入口函数
DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter)//thread data
{
    while (true)
    {
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
        if (tickets>0)
        {
            Sleep(1);
            cout<<"thread1 sell ticket :"<<tickets--<<endl;
        }
        else
            break;
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
//线程2的入口函数
DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpParameter)//thread data
{
    while (true)
    {
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
        if (tickets>0)
        {
            Sleep(1);
            cout<<"thread2 sell ticket :"<<tickets--<<endl;
        }
        else
            break;
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
//上面的例子是基于互斥对象的，这个是基于事件对象的
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream.h>
 
DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter);//thread data
DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpParameter);//thread data
 
int tickets=100;
HANDLE g_hEvent;
void main()
{
    HANDLE hThread1;
    HANDLE hThread2;
    //创建人工重置事件内核对象
    g_hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,FALSE,FALSE,"tickets");
    if (g_hEvent)
    {
        if (ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS==GetLastError())
        {
            cout<<"only one instance can run!"<<endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    SetEvent(g_hEvent);
 
    //创建线程
    hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL);
    hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread1);
    CloseHandle(hThread2);
    
    //让主线程睡眠4秒
    Sleep(4000);
    //关闭事件对象句柄
    CloseHandle(g_hEvent);
}
//线程1的入口函数
DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter)//thread data
{
    while (true)
    {
        WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent,INFINITE);
        //ResetEvent(g_hEvent);
        if (tickets>0)
        {
            Sleep(1);
            cout<<"thread1 sell ticket :"<<tickets--<<endl;
            SetEvent(g_hEvent);
        }
        else
        {
            SetEvent(g_hEvent);
            break;
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}
//线程2的入口函数
DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpParameter)//thread data
{
    while (true)
    {
        //请求事件对象
        WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent,INFINITE);
        //ResetEvent(g_hEvent);
        if (tickets>0)
        {
            Sleep(1);
            cout<<"thread2 sell ticket :"<<tickets--<<endl;
            SetEvent(g_hEvent);
        }
        else
        {
            SetEvent(g_hEvent);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 

准备知识：1，内核对象互斥体（Mutex）的工作机理，WaitForSingleObject函数的用法，这些可以从MSDN获取详情；2，当两个或 更多线程需要同时访问一个共享资源时，系统需要使用同步机制来确保一次只有一个线程使用该资源。Mutex 是同步基元，它只向一个线程授予对共享资源的独占访问权。如果一个线程获取了互斥体，则要获取该互斥体的第二个线程将被挂起，直到第一个线程释放该互斥体。