Service的绑定过程

本文参考Android开发艺术探索整理所得

Service的绑定过程是从这里开始的：

ContextWrapper.java
    @Override
    public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
            int flags) {
        return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
    }

ContextImpl.java
    @Override
    public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
            int flags) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(),
                Process.myUserHandle());
    }

    private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
            handler, UserHandle user) {
        IServiceConnection sd;
        if (conn == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
        }
        if (mPackageInfo != null) {
            sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags); // 注意这里，将ServiceConnection对象转化为ServiceDispather.InnerConnection对象
        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
        }
        validateServiceIntent(service);
        try {
            IBinder token = getActivityToken();
            if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
                    && mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
                    < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
                flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
            }
            service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
            int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(  // 注意这里，这是一个IPC调用，调用了AMS的bindService
                mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
                service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
                sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
            if (res < 0) {
                throw new SecurityException(
                        "Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
            }
            return res != 0;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

上述方法bindServiceCommon主要做了两件事情：

第一件事情是：将ServiceConnection对象转化为ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection对象，因为服务的绑定可能是跨进程的，因此ServiceConnection对象必须借助于Binder才能让远程服务端回调自己的方法，而ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection充当了这个Binder，看一下getServiceDispatcher方法：

LoadedApk.java
    public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
            Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
        synchronized (mServices) {
            LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
            ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context); // 注意这里
            if (map != null) {
                sd = map.get(c);
            }
            if (sd == null) {
                sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);  // 注意这里，使用ServiceConnection创建一个ServiceDispatcher
                if (map == null) {
                    map = new ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>();
                    mServices.put(context, map);
                }
                map.put(c, sd);
            } else {
                sd.validate(context, handler);
            }
            return sd.getIServiceConnection();
        }
    }

    private final ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>> mServices
        = new ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>>();

mServices是一个ArrayMap，保存了一个应用当前活动的所有ServiceConnection和ServiceDiapatcher映射关系，首先是从mServices中获取是否有相同的ServiceConnection，如果没有，就创建一个ServiceDiapatcher，并存储在mServices中，他们的映射关系是：key是ServiceConnection，value是ServiceDispatcher，ServiceDispatcher的内部保存了ServiceConnection对象和InnerConnection对象

 LoadedApk.java       ServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection conn,
                Context context, Handler activityThread, int flags) {
            mIServiceConnection = new InnerConnection(this);  //创建了InnerConnection对象
            mConnection = conn;  // 保存了ServiceConnection
            mContext = context;
            mActivityThread = activityThread;
            mLocation = new ServiceConnectionLeaked(null);
            mLocation.fillInStackTrace();
            mFlags = flags;
        }

LoadedApk.java
        private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
            final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;

            InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
                mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
            }

            public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {
                LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
                if (sd != null) {
                    sd.connected(name, service);
                }
            }
        }

InnerConnection是ServiceDiapatcher内部类，继承自IServiceConnection.Stub，表明是一个Binder Bn端，当Service和客户端建立了连接后，系统会通过InnerConnection来调用ServiceConnection中的onServiceConnected方法，getServiceDispatcher方法会返回其创建和保存的InnerConnection对象。

接下来第二件事情是：Service的绑定过程同Activity和Service的启动过程一样，都是一次远程调用，调用AMS相应方法bindService：

ActivityMannagerService.java
    public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
            Intent service, String resolvedType,
            IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) {
        enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");
        // Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
        if (service != null && service.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
        }

        synchronized(this) {
            return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service, resolvedType,
                    connection, flags, userId);
        }
    }

->ActiveServices.bindServiceLocked

->bringUpServiceLocked

->realStartServiceLocked

ActiveServices.java
    private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
            ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
        if (app.thread == null) {
            throw new RemoteException();
        }
        if (DEBUG_MU)
            Slog.v(TAG_MU, "realStartServiceLocked, ServiceRecord.uid = " + r.appInfo.uid
                    + ", ProcessRecord.uid = " + app.uid);
        r.app = app;
        r.restartTime = r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();

        app.services.add(r);
        bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "create");
        mAm.updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
        mAm.updateOomAdjLocked();

        boolean created = false;
        try {
            String nameTerm;
            int lastPeriod = r.shortName.lastIndexOf('.');
            nameTerm = lastPeriod >= 0 ? r.shortName.substring(lastPeriod) : r.shortName;
            EventLogTags.writeAmCreateService(
                    r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), nameTerm, r.app.uid, r.app.pid);
            synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
                r.stats.startLaunchedLocked();
            }
            mAm.ensurePackageDexOpt(r.serviceInfo.packageName);
            app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
            app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,   // 注意这里
                    mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
                    app.repProcState);
            r.postNotification();
            created = true;
        } finally {
            if (!created) {
                app.services.remove(r);
                r.app = null;
                scheduleServiceRestartLocked(r, false);
            }
        }

        requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);  // 注意这里

        // If the service is in the started state, and there are no
        // pending arguments, then fake up one so its onStartCommand() will
        // be called.
        if (r.startRequested && r.callStart && r.pendingStarts.size() == 0) {
            r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),
                    null, null));
        }

        sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);

        if (r.delayed) {
            if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STATS) Slog.v(TAG, "REM FR DELAY LIST (new proc): " + r);
            getServiceMap(r.userId).mDelayedStartList.remove(r);
            r.delayed = false;
        }

        if (r.delayedStop) {
            // Oh and hey we've already been asked to stop!
            r.delayedStop = false;
            if (r.startRequested) {
                if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STATS) Slog.v(TAG, "Applying delayed stop (from start): " + r);
                stopServiceLocked(r);
            }
        }
    }

realStartServiceLocked方法的执行逻辑同上一篇博客中Service启动过程类似，首先app.thread.shecduleCreateService，通过ApplicationThread来完成Service实例的创建并执行onCreate方法，和启动Service不同的是，会执行requestServiceBindingLocked方法：

ActiveServices.java
    private final void requestServiceBindingsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg) {
        for (int i=r.bindings.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
            IntentBindRecord ibr = r.bindings.valueAt(i);
            if (!requestServiceBindingLocked(r, ibr, execInFg, false)) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r,
            IntentBindRecord i, boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) {
        if (r.app == null || r.app.thread == null) {
            // If service is not currently running, can't yet bind.
            return false;
        }
        if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {
            try {
                bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");
                r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
                r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,  // 注意这里，执行ApplicationThread.scheduleBindService方法
                        r.app.repProcState);
                if (!rebind) {
                    i.requested = true;
                }
                i.hasBound = true;
                i.doRebind = false;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Crashed while binding " + r);
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

会调用app.thread.scheduleBinderService方法，实际上就是ApplicationThread，ApplicationThread一系列的以schedule开头的方法，都是通过Handler H来中转到ActivityThread对应方法

ActivityThread.java
        public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
                boolean rebind, int processState) {
            updateProcessState(processState, false);
            BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
            s.token = token;
            s.intent = intent;
            s.rebind = rebind;

            if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
                Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
                        + Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
            sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s); // H发送消息
        }

                 case BIND_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
                    handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj); // 中转到ActivityThread方法handleBindService
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;

ActivityThread.java
    private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
        Service s = mServices.get(data.token);  // 首先取出Service对象，它是在handleCreateService时创建并保存的
        if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
            Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
        if (s != null) {
            try {
                data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
                data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
                try {
                    if (!data.rebind) {  // 多次bind同一个service，只会调用一次onBind
                        IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);  // 注意这里，调用Service的onBind方法，但是客户端还不知道已经连接Service
                        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(  // 这里通知客户端服务连接结果
                                data.token, data.intent, binder);
                    } else {
                        s.onRebind(data.intent);
                        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
                                data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
                    }
                    ensureJitEnabled();
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                    throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                            "Unable to bind to service " + s
                            + " with " + data.intent + ": " + e.toString(), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

handleBindService做了三件事：

1.取出已经创建的Service

2.调用Service.onBind

3.ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() 获取AMS 通知客户端，调用ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法

Service的一个特性，同一个客户端多次bind同一个Service时，onBind只会执行一次，除非Service被终止了

ActivityManangerService.java
    public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
        // Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
        if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
        }

        synchronized(this) {
            if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
            }
            mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
        }
    }

->ActiveServices.publishServiceLocked

ActiveServices.java
    void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
        final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        try {
            if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "PUBLISHING " + r
                    + " " + intent + ": " + service);
            if (r != null) {
                Intent.FilterComparison filter
                        = new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
                IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);
                if (b != null && !b.received) {
                    b.binder = service;
                    b.requested = true;
                    b.received = true;
                    for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
                        ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
                        for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
                            ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
                            if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {
                                if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
                                        TAG, "Not publishing to: " + c);
                                if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
                                        TAG, "Bound intent: " + c.binding.intent.intent);
                                if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
                                        TAG, "Published intent: " + intent);
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Publishing to: " + c);
                            try {
                                c.conn.connected(r.name, service);  // 注意这里，核心代码
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                Slog.w(TAG, "Failure sending service " + r.name +
                                      " to connection " + c.conn.asBinder() +
                                      " (in " + c.binding.client.processName + ")", e);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
            }
        } finally {
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        }
    }

注意c.conn.connected(r.name, service)中c的类型是ConnectionRecord，c.conn的类型是ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection，service就是onBind返回值

LoadedApk.java
        private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
            final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;

            InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
                mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
            }

            public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {
                LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
                if (sd != null) {
                    sd.connected(name, service);  // 注意这里
                }
            }
        }

        public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            if (mActivityThread != null) {
                mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0));  // 此处参数是0
            } else {
                doConnected(name, service);
            }
        }

        private final Handler mActivityThread;

对于bindService来说，mActivityThread != null ，有代码如下：

final ActivityThread mMainThread;

return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(),
                Process.myUserHandle());

    final Handler getHandler() {
        return mH;
    }

可以知道mActivityThread就是ActivityThread.java中的H，这样RunConnection经由H的post方法运行在主线程了，因此客户端的ServiceConnection中的onServiceConnection和onServiceDisconnected方法是在主线程中被回调的：

LoadedApk.java
        private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
            RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command) {
                mName = name;
                mService = service;
                mCommand = command;
            }

            public void run() {
                if (mCommand == 0) {
                    doConnected(mName, mService); 
                } else if (mCommand == 1) {
                    doDeath(mName, mService);
                }
            }

            final ComponentName mName;
            final IBinder mService;
            final int mCommand;
        }

LoadedApk.java
        public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo old;
            ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo info;

            synchronized (this) {
                if (mForgotten) {
                    // We unbound before receiving the connection; ignore
                    // any connection received.
                    return;
                }
                old = mActiveConnections.get(name);
                if (old != null && old.binder == service) {
                    // Huh, already have this one.  Oh well!
                    return;
                }

                if (service != null) {
                    // A new service is being connected... set it all up.
                    info = new ConnectionInfo();
                    info.binder = service;
                    info.deathMonitor = new DeathMonitor(name, service);
                    try {
                        service.linkToDeath(info.deathMonitor, 0);
                        mActiveConnections.put(name, info);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        // This service was dead before we got it...  just
                        // don't do anything with it.
                        mActiveConnections.remove(name);
                        return;
                    }

                } else {
                    // The named service is being disconnected... clean up.
                    mActiveConnections.remove(name);
                }

                if (old != null) {
                    old.binder.unlinkToDeath(old.deathMonitor, 0);
                }
            }

            // If there was an old service, it is not disconnected.
            if (old != null) {
                mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);  // 注意这里
            }
            // If there is a new service, it is now connected.
            if (service != null) {
                mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);  // 注意这里
            }
        }

private final ServiceConnection mConnection;

ServiceDispatcher.mConnection保存了ServiceConnection对象。

Service绑定过程完毕。

疑问：ServiceConnection保存在ServiceDispatcher中了，怎么实现跨进行通信的？？？

在AcitivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService时将ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection作为参数传递给了AMS

ActiveServices.java的bindServiceLocked方法中： 
ConnectionRecord c = new ConnectionRecord(b, activity,
                    connection, flags, clientLabel, clientIntent);