python八大变量类型

python变量不用声明类型
python变量有：整型、字符串、布尔、浮点、列表、元祖、字典、集合

整型

直接赋值，整型常用的就是转换string类型函数str()

num = 2
print(num)
print(type(num))
str = str(num)
print(str)
print(type(str))

输出结果

字符串

str = ' this is a string '
print(str)
print(type(str))

字符串常用函数：
strip() 去掉字符串最前和最后的空格；

str = ' this is a string '
new_str = str.strip()
print(new_str)

splite() 字符串分割成列表，括号内默认为以空格为分割，以其他字符分割，可在括号内加上，如：splite('-')

str = ' this is a string '
new_str = str.split()
print(new_str)
str1 = 'that-is-a-string'
new_str1 = str1.split('-')
print(new_str1)

upper()和lower() 分别是全部大写和全部小写

str = 'this is a string'
up_str = str.upper()
print(up_str)
lw_str = up_str.lower()
print(lw_str)

capitalize() 一句话首字母大写

str = 'this is a string'
new_str = str.capitalize()
print(new_str)

title() 一句话中每个单词首字母大写

str = 'this is a string'
new_str = str.title()
print(new_str)

replace() 替换字符

str = 'this is a string'
new_str = str.replace('this','That')
print(new_str)

布尔

布尔类型相对比较简单，只有两种值TRUE和FALSE

浮点

num=3.1415926
print(type(num))

列表

lis = [1,2,3,4,'libai',[2,3]]
print(lis)
print(type(lis))

列表常用函数：
copy()复制列表

lis = [1,2,3,4,'libai',[2,3]]
new_lis = lis.copy()
print(new_lis)

append()在列表最后加值

lis = [1,2,3,4,'libai',[2,3]]
lis.append('abc')
print(lis)

pop()按索引删除，没有索引从列表最后一个开始删除

lis = [1,2,3,4,'libai',[2,3]]
lis.pop(1)
print(lis)
lis.pop()
print(lis)

remove()删除对应的值

lis = [1,2,3,4,'libai',[2,3]]
lis.remove(2)
print(lis)

sort()和sort(reverse=True)分别是按正序和倒序给列表排序

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
lis.sort()
print(lis)

reverse()是反向输出，按照列表的顺序原封不动的反过来输出

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
lis.reverse()
print(lis)

clear()清空列表

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
lis.clear()
print(lis)

insert()在指定位置添加值

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
lis.insert(1,'m')
print(lis)

修改指定索引的值

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
lis[2]='m'
print(lis)

list切片,诀窍左闭右开

lis = [3,1,4,1,5,9]
print(lis[1:3])

元祖

tup1 = (1,2,3)
print(type(tup1))

len()长度

tup1 = (1,2,3)
print(len(tup1))

count()数一数指定的值有几个

tup1 = (3,1,4,1,5,9,2,6,5,3,5,7)
print(tup1.count(3))

index()查一查指定范围内查找元素所在位置

tup1 = (3,1,4,1,5,9,2,6,5,3,5,7)
print(tup1.index(3,5,10))

元祖相加

tup1 = (3,1,4,1,5,9,2,6)
tup2 = (5,3,5,7)
print(tup1+tup2)

字典

整个字典被大括号包括，里面以键值的形式展示

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
print(type(dic))

字典的修改

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
dic['name'] = "lisi"
print(dic)

字典的取值

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
print(dic['name'])

字典的插入

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
dic['weight'] = '50'
print(dic)

字典的删除

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
dic.pop('name')
print(dic)

字典的复制

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
new_dic = dic.copy()
print(new_dic)

dic.keys()打印所有的key

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
print(dic.keys())

dic.items()打印字典所有元素

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
print(dic.items())

dic.values()打印所有的value

dic = {"name":"zhangsan","age":20,"id":"41150388974"}
print(dic.values())

集合

se = {1,3,4,2}
print(type(se))

集合具有无序性和唯一性的特点

se = {1,1,3,3,6,8}
print(se)

集合的交集

se = {1,1,3,5,7,9}
sr = {2,3,4,6,7,9}
print(se&sr)

集合的并集

se = {1,1,3,5,7,9}
sr = {2,3,4,6,7,9}
print(se|sr)

列表、元祖、字典和集合各自的特点，相同和不同之处

列表

支持索引取值
支持重复
支持切片
支持相加
支持增删改

元祖

支持索引取值
支持重复
支持切片
支持相加
不支持增删改

字典

支持键值对索引取值
key不能重复，重复会被重写
不支持相加
不支持切片
支持增删改

集合

不支持索引取值
无序性和唯一性
不支持相加
不支持切片