c++ primer 5th ed. practice 12.30

定义你自己版本的 TextQuery 和 QueryResult 类，并执行12.3.1(P431)中的 runQueries 的函数。
文件包含：main.cpp textquery.h textquery.cpp queryresult.h file.dat(待查询文本)

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "textquery.h"
#include "queryresult.h"

void runQueries(std::ifstream &infile);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    
    if (argc == 2) {
    
    	std::ifstream infile(argv[1]);
    	runQueries(infile);
    } else {
    	
    	std::cerr << "Usage: query myfile" << std::endl;
    	std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}

void runQueries(std::ifstream &infile) {
    
    TextQuery tq(infile);
    while (true) {
    
        std::cout << "enter word to look for, or q to quit: ";
        std::string s;
        if (!(std::cin >> s) || s == "q") 
            break;
        print(std::cout, tq.query(s)) << std::endl;
    }   
}

//辅助函数 生成词尾复数
std::string make_plural(std::size_t ctr, const std::string &word,
                                        const std::string &ending) {
    return (ctr > 1) ? word + ending : word;
}
std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const QueryResult &qr) { // queryresult 友元函数

    //找到单词，打印出现次数及所有出现行号
    os << qr.sought << " occurs " << qr.lines->size() << " " 
        << make_plural(qr.lines->size(), "time", "s") << std::endl;
    //打印单词出现的每行
    for (auto num : *qr.lines)
        os << "\t(line " << num + 1 << ")" 						//行号为容器索引从0开始
            << *(qr.file->begin() + num) << std::endl;
    return os; 
}

// textquery.h
#ifndef TEXTQUERY_H
#define TEXTQUERY_H

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include "queryresult.h"

class QueryResult;
class TextQuery {
public:
    using line_no = std::vector<std::string>::size_type;

    TextQuery(std::ifstream&);    
    QueryResult query(const std::string&) const;            //查询操作

private:
    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> file;         //输入文件
    std::map<std::string,
            std::shared_ptr<std::set<line_no>>> wm;         //单词到行号集合的映射

};

#endif

// textquery.cpp
#include "textquery.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>

TextQuery::TextQuery(std::ifstream& is) 
    : file(new std::vector<std::string>) {

    std::string text;
    while (std::getline(is, text)) {            //读取文件每行

        file->push_back(text);                  //保存此行文体
        int n = file->size() - 1;               //当前行号

        std::istringstream line(text);
        std::string word;
        while (line >> word) {

            auto & lines = wm[word];            //lines为shared_ptr<set<line_no>>对象引用
            if (!lines)                         //首次遇到单词并分配set空间
                lines.reset(new std::set<line_no>);    //shared_ptr<>托管set new分配空间
            lines->insert(n);                   //set记录行号
        }
    }   
}

QueryResult TextQuery::query(const std::string& sought) const {

    //未找到sought返回指向此setr的指针 默认初始化值为空
    static std::shared_ptr<std::set<line_no>> nodata(new std::set<line_no>);
    //使用find查找避免添加单词进wm
    auto loc = wm.find(sought);
    if (loc == wm.end())
        return QueryResult(sought, nodata, file);      //未找到
    else 
        return QueryResult(sought, loc->second, file); //找到
}

// queryresult.h
#ifndef QUERYRESULT_H
#define QUERYRESULT_H

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <set>

class QueryResult {
public:
    using line_no = std::vector<std::string>::size_type;
    friend std::ostream& print(std::ostream&, const QueryResult&);

    QueryResult(std::string s,
                std::shared_ptr<std::set<line_no>> p,
                std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> f)
        : sought(s), lines(p), file(f) {}

private:
    std::string sought;                             //查询单词
    std::shared_ptr<std::set<line_no>> lines;       //行号
    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> file; //输入文件

};

#endif

命令行输入并编译：
g++ main.cpp textquery.h textquery.cpp queryresult.h -o query
使用：
./query file.dat