tomcat+https协议的接口编写及客户端访问

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-10 18:09:32 发布

第一堂课

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-10 18:09:32 发布

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https无非就是http+ssl，也就是在http基础上进行证书上的校验，俗称安全的http,其实就是配置服务器的访问方式

具体操作步骤：

1.对服务端进行修改，接口访问使用https

a.利用jdk自带的证书生成工具来生成一个key : (生成证书等资料见后附)

keytool -genkeypair -alias certificatekey -keyalg RSA -validity 365 -keystore shfqkeystore.jks

主意一下：'您的名字与姓氏是什么'这里需要注意的，你所填的到时会作为是你的域名来用

命令详解
keytool -genkeypair -alias certificatekey -keyalg RSA -validity 365 -keystore shfqkeystore.jks
生成keystore后接着生成一个密钥对儿。RSA是非对称密钥算法，也可以改为 keytool支持的其他密钥算法，365代表的是证书的有效期，可以自己指定，shfqkeystore.jks是keystroe的名称，也可以自己指定。

b.tomcat/conf/server.xml启用ssl(把下面的这个本身是注释掉的开启)

c.把上面tomcat配置进行修改（添加：keystoreFile="对应你生成的key文件路径"，keystorePass="你的秘钥口令"）：

d.ok这样就可以了，再来访问下之前做的接口地址，https://localhost:8443/springMVC/user/getUserByName/cwh，结果如下，证明ssl应用成功

e.至此似乎服务端接口采用https协议很成功，但是问题来了，之前http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/getUserByName/cwh这个地址已经暴露过，别人直接通过这个访问不也就绕过了https了么，那么解决办法就是让http访问重定向到https去，操作如下：在tomcat目录下的conf/web.xml此文件改位置添加如下代码代码：

<security-constraint>
 <web-resource-collection>
 <web-resource-name>ssl</web-resource-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </web-resource-collection>
 <user-data-constraint>
 <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
 </user-data-constraint>
 </security-constraint>

ok这样的话继续访问http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/getUserByName/cwh的话会被重定向到https去：

至此https服务端完成

2.下面进行httpclient客户端编写，

https协议对于开发者而言其实只是多了一步证书验证的过程。这个证书正常情况下被jdk/jre/security/cacerts所管理。里面证书包含两种情况：

1、机构所颁发的被认证的证书，这种证书的网站在浏览器访问时https头显示为绿色如百度

2、个人所设定的证书，这种证书的网站在浏览器里https头显示为红色×，且需要点击信任该网站才能继续访问。而点击信任这一步的操作就是我们在java代码访问https网站时区别于http请求需要做的事情。

所以JAVA发送Https请求有两种情况，三种解决办法：

第一种情况：Https网站的证书为机构所颁发的被认证的证书，这种情况下和http请求一模一样，无需做任何改变，用HttpsURLConnection或者HttpURLConnection都可以

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
URL serverUrl = new URL("https://xxxx");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) serverUrl.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
//必须设置false，否则会自动redirect到重定向后的地址
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.connect();
String result = getReturn(conn);
}

/*请求url获取返回的内容*/
public static String getReturn(HttpURLConnection connection) throws IOException{
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
//将返回的输入流转换成字符串
try(InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, ConstantInfo.CHARSET);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);){
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
String result = buffer.toString();
return result;
}
}
第二种情况：个人所设定的证书，这种证书默认不被信任，需要我们自己选择信任，信任的办法有两种：

A、将证书导入java的运行环境中

从该网站下载或者从网站开发者出获取证书cacert.crt
运行命令将证书导入java运行环境：keytool -import -keystore %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib\security\cacerts -file cacert.crt -alias xxx
完成。java代码中发送https的请求和http一样，同第一种情况。
B、忽略证书验证过程，忽略之后任何Https协议网站皆能正常访问，同第一种情况

/*
* Title: V100R001C00 
* Description: [描述模块的功能、作用、使用方法和注意事项] 
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 1988-2015 
* Company: Huawei Tech. Co., Ltd 
* @author
* @version 1.0 2019年2月21日
*/
package com.example.vue.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

/**
* 
*
* @see [相关类，可选、也可多条，对于重要的类或接口建议注释]
* @since V100R001C00, 2019年2月21日
*/
public class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//忽略证书过程
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL","SunJSSE");
sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new MyTrustManager()}, new java.security.SecureRandom());
//不校验主机名
HostnameVerifier ignoreHostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslsession) {
return true;
}
};
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(ignoreHostnameVerifier);
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sslcontext.getSocketFactory());
//创建HttpsURLConnection对象，并设置其SSLSocketFactory对象
URL reqURL = new URL("https://127.0.0.1:8888/test" ); //创建URL对象
HttpsURLConnection httpsConn = (HttpsURLConnection)reqURL.openConnection();

/*下面这段代码实现向Web页面发送数据，实现与网页的交互访问
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行，如果打算使用 URL 连接进行输出，则将 DoOutput 标志设置为 true；如果不打算使用，则设置为 false。默认值为 false
huconn.setDoOutput(true);
//如果打算使用 URL 连接进行输入，则将 DoInput 标志设置为 true；如果不打算使用，则设置为 false。默认值为 true
huconn.setDoInput(true);
//设置POST方式连接
huconn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//创建头信息map迭代器 headMap为Map类型参数
Iterator it = headMap.keySet().iterator();
//设置请求头配置信息
while (it.hasNext()) {
String key = it.next();
String value = headMap.get(key);
huconn.setRequestProperty(key, value);
}
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(huc.getOutputStream(), "8859_1");
out.write( "……" );
out.flush();
out.close();
*/

//取得该连接的输入流，以读取响应内容
InputStreamReader insr = new InputStreamReader(httpsConn.getInputStream());

//读取服务器的响应内容并显示
int respInt = insr.read();
while( respInt != -1){
System.out.print((char)respInt);
respInt = insr.read();
}

}
}

C、java代码中加载证书，必须使用HttpsURLConnection方式

从网站开发者出获取生成证书的密钥库cacert.keystore
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
/*
* The default X509TrustManager returned by SunX509. We'll delegate
* decisions to it, and fall back to the logic in this class if the
* default X509TrustManager doesn't trust it.
*/
X509TrustManager sunJSSEX509TrustManager;
MyX509TrustManager() throws Exception {
// create a "default" JSSE X509TrustManager.
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
ks.load(new FileInputStream("cancert.keystore"),
"changeit".toCharArray());
TrustManagerFactory tmf =
TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509", "SunJSSE");
tmf.init(ks);
TrustManager tms [] = tmf.getTrustManagers();
/*
* Iterate over the returned trustmanagers, look
* for an instance of X509TrustManager. If found,
* use that as our "default" trust manager.
*/
for (int i = 0; i < tms.length; i++) {
if (tms[i] instanceof X509TrustManager) {
sunJSSEX509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tms[i];
return;
}
}
/*
* Find some other way to initialize, or else we have to fail the
* constructor.
*/
throw new Exception("Couldn't initialize");
}
/*
* Delegate to the default trust manager.
*/
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
try {
sunJSSEX509TrustManager.checkClientTrusted(chain, authType);
} catch (CertificateException excep) {
// do any special handling here, or rethrow exception.
}
}
/*
* Delegate to the default trust manager.
*/
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
try {
sunJSSEX509TrustManager.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
} catch (CertificateException excep) {
/*
* Possibly pop up a dialog box asking whether to trust the
* cert chain.
*/
}
}
/*
* Merely pass this through.
*/
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return sunJSSEX509TrustManager.getAcceptedIssuers();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL","SunJSSE");
sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new MyX509TrustManager()}, new java.security.SecureRandom());
URL serverUrl = new URL("https://xxxx");
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) serverUrl.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslcontext.getSocketFactory());
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
//必须设置false，否则会自动redirect到重定向后的地址
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.connect();
String result = getReturn(conn);
}

/*请求url获取返回的内容*/
public static String getReturn(HttpsURLConnection connection) throws IOException{
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
//将返回的输入流转换成字符串
try(InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, ConstantInfo.CHARSET);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);){
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
String result = buffer.toString();
return result;
}
}

来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/shumeng_xiaoyan/article/details/76503601
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！

附: 参考地址 https://blog.csdn.net/Cy_LightBule/article/details/86680149

验证] - jks是否可以用

keytool -list -v -keystore shfqkeystore.jks
导出证书: keytool -export -alias certificatekey -keystore shfqkeystore.jks -rfc -file shfqcert.cer

Truststore的生成以及公钥证书的导入

把上一步生成的公钥证书shfqcert.cer导入到truststore中。

keytool -import -alias certificatekey -file shfqcert.cer -keystore shfqtruststore.jks

验证truststore文件

键入命令

keytool -list -v -keystore shfqtruststore.jks

第一堂课

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tomcat+https协议的接口编写及客户端访问

https无非就是http+ssl，也就是在http基础上进行证书上的校验，俗称安全的http,其实就是配置服务器的访问方式具体操作步骤：1.对服务端进行修改，接口访问使用https a.利用jdk自带的证书生成工具来生成一个key : (生成证书等资料见后附)keytool -genkeypair -alias certificatekey -keyalg RSA -...
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