Handler消息机制详解

Handler机制是Android开发中最常见的机制，可以说贯穿整个Android，在探究Handler机制原理之前，我们先来捋一下用法

1.handler.post(Runnable)

2.handler.postdelayed(Runnable,int)

3.sendMessage(Message)

4.sendDelayMessage(Message,int)

从形式上就可以看出，第一种用法和第二种用法其实是一样的，只不过一个立即发送一个延迟发送而已，同理三四也是一样

我们先探究handler.post，post具体用法是

handler = new Handler();

hander.post(new runnable(){run(//具体逻辑){}});

首先我们找到Handler源码

    public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }

    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

代码不多，一个一个解析，当我们handler = new Handler();时，实际上传入了两个参数进入Handler，一个是null，另一个是false

callback是一个接口，里面只有一个方法

    public interface Callback {
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
    }

这里传入的是null，暂且放下不谈。这个函数主要过程是初始化Handler里的变量mLooper，mQueue，mCallback以及mAsynchronous

首先mLooper = Looper.myLooper();从这里拿到一个looper，为什么这里会拿到一个looper对象？从这里就要引出ActivityThread.main方法

一个app启动开始，最先调用的方法是ActivityThread.main方法，如同java里的main方法一样，这个方法是程序的入口，那么这个方法到底干了什么

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();

        // CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy.  We
        // disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
        // StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
        CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);

        Environment.initForCurrentUser();

        // Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
        EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());

        Security.addProvider(new AndroidKeyStoreProvider());

        // Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
        final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
        TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);

        Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();

        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);

        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }

        Looper.loop();

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

多余的东西我们不看，我们只看Looper.prepareMainLooper();以及Looper.loop();

    /**
     * Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an
     * application's main looper. The main looper for your application
     * is created by the Android environment, so you should never need
     * to call this function yourself.  See also: {@link #prepare()}
     */
    public static void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare(false);
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            if (sMainLooper != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
            }
            sMainLooper = myLooper();
        }
    }

这里先调用了prepare（false）

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

这里先通过sThreadLocal.get()去查找looper，如果发现线程中以及有looper了就抛出异常，Only one Looper may be created per thread每一个线程中只能有一个loop

这里我们是程序第一次启动，当然没有looper，于是接下来调用new Looper创建一个looper

    private Looper(