Linq Join and GroupJoin.

using LINQTest.Common;
using LINQTest.HR;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LINQTest
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Course> courses = Course.GetCourseList();
            List<Student> students = Student.GetStudentList();
            List<ClassInstructor> mappings = ClassInstructor.GetMappingList();

            // All details
            var studentCourses = mappings.
                Join(students,
                m => m.StudentID,
                s => s.ID,
                (m, s) => new { id = s.ID, name = s.Name, m.CourseID })
                .Join(courses,
                m => m.CourseID,
                c => c.ID,
                (m, c) => new { id = m.id, name = m.name, c.Name });

            foreach (var item in studentCourses)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();

            // How many people chosen of each course.
            var eachCourseCount = courses.
                GroupJoin(mappings, 
                c => c.ID, 
                m => m.CourseID, 
                (c, ms) => new { id = c.ID, name = c.Name, student_count = ms.Count()});
            foreach (var item in eachCourseCount)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();

            // How many courses chosen by each student.
            var eachStudentCount = students.
                GroupJoin(mappings,
                s => s.ID,
                m => m.StudentID,
                (s, ms) => new { id = s.ID, name = s.Name, course_count = ms.Count()});
            foreach (var item in eachStudentCount)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Average score of each student
            var scores = students.GroupJoin(mappings,
                s => s.ID,
                m => m.StudentID,
                (s, ms) => new { id = s.ID, name = s.Name, average = ms.Average(m => m.Score) });

            foreach (var item in scores)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();

        }
    }

    public class Course
    {
        public string ID;
        public string Name;
        public static List<Course> GetCourseList()
        {
            List<Course> courseList = new List<Course>();
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0001", Name = "Calculus" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0002", Name = "Chemistry" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0003", Name = "Physics" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0004", Name = "Composition" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0005", Name = "Poetry" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0006", Name = "Literature" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0007", Name = "Trigonometry" });
            courseList.Add(new Course() { ID = "0008", Name = "Microeconomics" });
            return courseList;
        }
    }

    public class Student
    {
        public string ID;
        public string Name;
        public int Age;

        public static List<Student> GetStudentList()
        {
            List<Student> studentList = new List<Student>();
            studentList.Add(new Student() { ID = "03040001", Name = "Santa Claus", Age = 1743 });
            studentList.Add(new Student() { ID = "03040002", Name = "Macheal Jaskson", Age = 55 });
            studentList.Add(new Student() { ID = "03040003", Name = "John Lenon", Age = 73 });
            studentList.Add(new Student() { ID = "03040004", Name = "Kurt Cobain", Age = 46 });
            return studentList;
        }

    }

    public class ClassInstructor
    {
        public string CourseID;
        public string StudentID;
        public int Score;
        public static List<ClassInstructor> GetMappingList()
        {
            List<ClassInstructor> mappingList = new List<ClassInstructor>();
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0001", StudentID = "03040001", Score = 96 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0004", StudentID = "03040001", Score = 86 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0005", StudentID = "03040001", Score = 67 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0008", StudentID = "03040001", Score = 78 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0007", StudentID = "03040001", Score = 82 });

            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0002", StudentID = "03040002", Score = 59 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0003", StudentID = "03040002", Score = 58 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0004", StudentID = "03040002", Score = 61 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0005", StudentID = "03040002", Score = 61 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0006", StudentID = "03040002", Score = 66 });

            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0001", StudentID = "03040003", Score = 78 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0002", StudentID = "03040003", Score = 67 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0003", StudentID = "03040003", Score = 55 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0004", StudentID = "03040003", Score = 99 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0005", StudentID = "03040003", Score = 67 });

            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0001", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 45 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0002", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 99 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0003", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 99 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0004", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 100 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0005", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 100 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0006", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 67 });
            mappingList.Add(new ClassInstructor() { CourseID = "0007", StudentID = "03040004", Score = 100 });

            return mappingList;
        }
    }
}

Left join:

var result =  from a in claims
                      join b in treeTaskDetails on a.ID equals b.ID into gj
                      from sub in gj.DefaultIfEmpty()
                      select new ResultModel
                      {
                          ReviewID = a.ReviewID,
                          ID = a.ID,
                          Number = a.Number,
                          CheckTime = sub.LastUpdated
                      }