微信公众平台开发[5]-开发模式-高级功能-获取access_token

access_token 是微信公众平台的一大亮点，有了这个值，在权限允许的情况下你可以做

1、自定义菜单管理；

2、主动发消息；

3、获取关注用户的信息；

4、通过图片、视频、音频ID获取内容；

5、将图片、视频、音频I内容上传到微信服务器并发送给用户；

接下来文章我只会讲解“自定义菜单管理”，其余的几个接口，我这里虽然有文档，但考虑到微信官方没有公布相应的接口，故我在这里只先做预留，不暴露，请谅解。

本篇主要讲解如何获取access_token。

access_token是微信提供的一串很长的字符串，是通过appid、appsecret去微信服务器获取。

appid、appsecret这两个值微信官方文档中也有说明：

1、成为开发者；（能接入到“开发模式”必定已经是开发者了）

2、成功申请自定义菜单；（目前只支持“服务号”）

如果满足此两点在如下图所示的地方会有appid、appsecret的ID：

使用appid、appsecret获取access_token的方法有两种：

1、浏览器直接打开：

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=${appid}&secret=${appsecret}

替换地址中的${appid}、${appsecret}

在浏览器中浏览器直接打开即可。

2、通过程序获取：

package weixin;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ProtocolSocketFactory;

import MySecureProtocolSocketFactory;

public class AccessTokenGet {
	
	private final static String appid = "${appid}";
	private final static String secretid = ${secretid};
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		HttpClient httpclient;
		String url;
		GetMethod method;
		ProtocolSocketFactory fcty;

		url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential";
			url += "&appid=" + appid;
			url += "&secret="+secretid;
		
		//https 证书
		fcty = new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory();
		Protocol.registerProtocol("https", new Protocol("https", fcty, 443));
		
		httpclient = new HttpClient();
		url = new GetMethod(url);// get调用
		method.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler(3, false));
		
		try {
			int statusCode = httpclient.executeMethod(method);

			if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
				System.out.println(statusCode + ": " + method.getStatusLine());
			} else {
				System.out.println(new String(method.getResponseBody(), "UTF-8"));
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			method.releaseConnection();
		}
	}
}

因链接是https的故需要以下两个类来支持：

MySecureProtocolSocketFactory.java

package weixin;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClientError;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory;

public class MySecureProtocolSocketFactory implements SecureProtocolSocketFactory {
	private SSLContext sslContext = null;

	/**
	 * Constructor for MySecureProtocolSocketFactory.
	 */
	public MySecureProtocolSocketFactory() {
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	private static SSLContext createEasySSLContext() {
		try {
			SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
			context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new MyX509TrustManager() }, null);
			return context;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new HttpClientError(e.toString());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	private SSLContext getSSLContext() {
		if (this.sslContext == null) {
			this.sslContext = createEasySSLContext();
		}
		return this.sslContext;
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,
	 *      int, java.net.InetAddress, int)
	 */
	public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress clientHost, int clientPort) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
		return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port, clientHost, clientPort);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,
	 *      int, java.net.InetAddress, int,
	 *      org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams)
	 */
	public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress, final int localPort, final HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException {
		if (params == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null");
		}
		int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
		if (timeout == 0) {
			return createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
		} else {
			return ControllerThreadSocketFactory.createSocket(this, host, port, localAddress, localPort, timeout);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,int)
	 */
	public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
		return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.net.Socket,java.lang.String,int,boolean)
	 */
	public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
		return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
	}
}

MyX509TrustManager.java

package weixin;

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[],
	 *      java.lang.String)
	 */
	public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException {
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[],
	 *      java.lang.String)
	 */
	public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException {
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#getAcceptedIssuers()
	 */
	public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
		return null;
	}
}

代码中用到了apache的开源包

下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yuyang2013/5959699

也可从apache官网下载。

正确情况下会返回：

{"access_token":"${access_token}","expires_in":7200}

${access_token} 就是你的access_token，这个access_token的有效时间为2个小时。

获取此access_token需要注意以下几点：

1、每天最大获取次数为200次；

2、一旦从新获取，上一次获取的access_token就不能用了；

3、妥善保管好此access_token。

提供两种方式的原因是，有些用户需要程序自动去获取，程序管理即可，而有些用户或许只需要用一次。