推导式概念:
推导式是可以从一个数据序列构建另一个新的数据序列的结构体。
共有三种推导:
列表(list)推导式——使用非常多
表达式:
[out_express for out_express in input_list] 普通式
[out_express for out_express in input_list if out_express_condition] 条件式
[i for row in matrix for i in row] 嵌套式
字典(dict)推导式
表达式:
{out_exp_key: out_exp_value for out_exp in input_list}
集合(set)推导式
表达式:
{out_exp_res for out_exp in input_set}
例子1.过滤掉该列表names = [“jerry”,“hansen”,“Amy”,“Wendy”,“Tom”,“Bob”]
长度小于或等于3的字符串列表,并将剩下的转换成大写字母。
方法一:函数调用
names = ["jerry","hansen","Amy","Wendy","Tom","Bob"]
def fil(get_inf):
if len(get_inf) > 3:
return get_inf
names_li = list(filter(fil, names))
print(names_li)
li = []
for i in names_li:
Upper_i = i.upper()
li.append(Upper_i)
print(li)
方法二:三目运算符
names = ["jerry","hansen","Amy","Wendy","Tom","Bob"]
li1 = []
for i in names:
li1.append(i.upper()) if len(i) > 3 else 0
print(li1)
方法三:推导式
names = ["jerry","hansen","Amy","Wendy","Tom","Bob"]
li2 = [i.upper() for i in names if len(i) > 3]
print(li2)
例子2.求(x,y),其中x是0-5之间的偶数,y是0-5之间的奇数组成的元组列表。
效果如下:[(0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 3)]
方法一:内嵌循环
"""
求(x,y),其中x是0-5之间的偶数,y是0-5之间的奇数组成的元组列表。
效果如下:[(0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 3)]
"""
li1 = []
for x in range(0, 5, 2):
for y in range(1, 5, 2):
tu1 = (x, y)
li1.append(tu1)
print(li1)
方法二:推导式
"""
求(x,y),其中x是0-5之间的偶数,y是0-5之间的奇数组成的元组列表。
效果如下:[(0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 3)]
"""
# li1 = []
# for x in range(0, 5, 2):
# for y in range(1, 5, 2):
# tu1 = (x, y)
# li1.append(tu1)
# print(li1)
li2 = [(x, y) for x in range(0, 5, 2) for y in range(1, 5, 2)]
print(li2)
例子3.[ ‘Bob’, ‘JOHN’, ‘alice’, ‘bob’, ‘ALICE’, ‘James’, ‘Bob’,‘JAMES’,‘jAMeS’ ]
该列表很紊乱,实现去重,以及将名字格式统一成首字母大写(str.capitalize())
"""
[ 'Bob', 'JOHN', 'alice', 'bob', 'ALICE', 'James', 'Bob','JAMES','jAMeS' ]
该列表很紊乱,实现去重,以及将名字格式统一成首字母大写(str.capitalize())
"""
name = ['Bob', 'JOHN', 'alice', 'bob', 'ALICE', 'James', 'Bob','JAMES','jAMeS']
del_dupl = {i.upper() for i in name}
print(del_dupl)
names = {i.capitalize() for i in del_dupl}
print(names)