纯SDK实现双缓冲绘图与普通绘图差别演示

最新推荐文章于 2019-08-16 15:46:18 发布

yuyin86

最新推荐文章于 2019-08-16 15:46:18 发布

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分类专栏：图形学基础 c++ 文章标签： null windows callback 图形 command winapi

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先大致介绍一下WINDOWS下的绘图原理：

我们在 Windows 环境下看到各种元素，如菜单、按钮、窗口、图像，从根本上说，都是“画”出来的。这时的屏幕，就相当于一块黑板，而 Windows 下的各种 GDI 要素，如画笔、画刷等，就相当于彩色粉笔了。我们在黑板上手工画图时，是一笔一划的，电脑亦然。只不过电脑的速度比手工快的太多，所以在我们看起来好像所有的图形文字都是同时出现的。

普通绘图方式的局限
上述绘图方式我们暂且称之为普通绘图方式吧。虽然这种方式能满足相当一部分的绘图需要，但是当要绘制的对象太复杂，尤其是含有位图时，电脑便力不从心了。这时的画面会显示的很慢，对于运动的画面，会给人“卡”住了的感觉，总之一个字：不爽。
解决之道：双缓冲

　双缓冲的原理可以这样形象的理解：把电脑屏幕看作一块黑板。首先我们在内存环境中建立一个“虚拟“的黑板，然后在这块黑板上绘制复杂的图形，等图形全部绘制完毕的时候，再一次性的把内存中绘制好的图形“拷贝”到另一块黑板（屏幕）上。采取这种方法可以提高绘图速度，极大的改善绘图效果。下面是原理图：

双缓冲原理示意图

下面贴出代码吧

[cpp:showcolumns] view plain copy print ?

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#include <windows.h>
#include "resource.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
void PThanshu(HWND);//普通画图函数
void DHChanshu(HWND);//双缓冲画图函数
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName [] = TEXT ("GDI") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON1)) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("GDI TEST"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
static int cxClient, cyClient;
static int radius=1;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
HINSTANCE hInstance ;
static int pt,gdi;//PT--普通画图，GDI--双缓冲画图
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
RECT rect;
TCHAR szAppName[]="GDI";
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
SetTimer(hwnd,1,1000,NULL);
hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ;
return 0 ;
case WM_TIMER:
//GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);//本打算在这里触发WM_PAINT消息的
// InvalidateRect(hwnd,&rect,TRUE);
if(radius<16)
{radius++;}
else
{radius=0;}
if(pt)
{
PThanshu(hwnd);//普通画图
}
else if(gdi)
{
DHChanshu(hwnd);//双缓冲画图
}
else
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
//cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
//cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT:
/*if(pt==1)
{
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y=+16)
{
Ellipse(hdc,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);
}
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
}
else
{
hdc=BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
DrawText(hdc,szAppName,-1,&rect,DT_CENTER);
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
}*/
hdc=BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
DrawText(hdc,szAppName,-1,&rect,DT_CENTER);
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
return 0 ;
case WM_COMMAND:
if(lParam==0)
{
switch(wParam)
{
case IDM_PT://普通画图菜单项ID
pt=1;
gdi=0;
return 0;
case IDM_DHC://双缓冲画图菜单项ID
gdi=1;
pt=0;
return 0;
default:
return 0;
}
}
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
void PThanshu(HWND hwnd)
{
HDC hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
cxClient=rect.right;
cyClient=rect.bottom;
FillRect(hdc,&rect,NULL);
for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y+=16)
{
Ellipse(hdc,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);
}
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
}
void DHChanshu(HWND hwnd)//暂且没实现
{
//MessageBox(hwnd,TEXT("zhaoxujing"),TEXT("yiruirui"),MB_OK);
HDC hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
cxClient=rect.right;
cyClient=rect.bottom;
HDC hdcmem=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
HBITMAP hbitmap=CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc,cxClient,cyClient);
SelectObject(hdcmem,hbitmap);
FillRect(hdcmem,&rect,NULL);
for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y+=16)
{
Ellipse(hdcmem,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);
}
BitBlt(hdc,0,0,cxClient,cyClient,hdcmem,0,0,SRCCOPY);
DeleteObject(hdcmem);
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
}

#include <windows.h>
#include "resource.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
void PThanshu(HWND);//普通画图函数
void DHChanshu(HWND);//双缓冲画图函数

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName [] = TEXT ("GDI") ;
     HWND         hwnd ;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;

wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON1)) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = szAppName;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
     
     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("GDI TEST"), 
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;

ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}
     static int     cxClient, cyClient;
	 	 static int radius=1;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{

HDC            hdc;
     HINSTANCE      hInstance ;
     static int     pt,gdi;//PT--普通画图，GDI--双缓冲画图
     PAINTSTRUCT    ps ;
	 RECT     rect;

TCHAR szAppName[]="GDI";
     
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
		 SetTimer(hwnd,1,1000,NULL);
          hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ;

return 0 ;
	 case WM_TIMER:
		 //GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);//本打算在这里触发WM_PAINT消息的
		// InvalidateRect(hwnd,&rect,TRUE);
		 if(radius<16)
		 {radius++;}
		 else
		 {radius=0;}

if(pt)
		 {
			 PThanshu(hwnd);//普通画图
		 }
		 else if(gdi)
		 {
			DHChanshu(hwnd);//双缓冲画图	 
		 }
		 else
			 return 0;

case WM_SIZE:
          //cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
          //cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
          return 0 ;

case WM_PAINT:
		 /*if(pt==1)
		 {
			 hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
		     for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
			   for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y=+16)
			 {
				 Ellipse(hdc,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);

}
			   EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
		 }
    else
{
	hdc=BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
	DrawText(hdc,szAppName,-1,&rect,DT_CENTER);
	EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);

}*/
		 hdc=BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
		 GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
		 DrawText(hdc,szAppName,-1,&rect,DT_CENTER);
		 EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);

return 0 ;
	 case WM_COMMAND:
		 if(lParam==0)
		 {
			 switch(wParam)
			 {
				 
			 case IDM_PT://普通画图菜单项ID
				 pt=1;
				 gdi=0;
				 return 0;
			 case IDM_DHC://双缓冲画图菜单项ID
				 gdi=1;
				 pt=0;
				 return 0;
			 default:
				 return 0;
				 
			 }
		 }

case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
void PThanshu(HWND hwnd)
{

HDC hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
	RECT  rect;
	GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
	cxClient=rect.right;
	cyClient=rect.bottom;
	FillRect(hdc,&rect,NULL);

for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
			   for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y+=16)
			 {
				 Ellipse(hdc,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);

}
			   ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
}
void DHChanshu(HWND hwnd)//暂且没实现
{
	//MessageBox(hwnd,TEXT("zhaoxujing"),TEXT("yiruirui"),MB_OK);
	HDC hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
	RECT rect;
	GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
	cxClient=rect.right;
	cyClient=rect.bottom;
	
	HDC hdcmem=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
	HBITMAP hbitmap=CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc,cxClient,cyClient);
	SelectObject(hdcmem,hbitmap);
  FillRect(hdcmem,&rect,NULL);
	for(int x=0;x<cxClient;x+=16)
			   for(int y=0;y<cyClient;y+=16)
			 {
				 Ellipse(hdcmem,x,y,x+radius,y+radius);

}
			   BitBlt(hdc,0,0,cxClient,cyClient,hdcmem,0,0,SRCCOPY);
			   DeleteObject(hdcmem);
			   ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);

}

完整的工程放在了CSDN上，地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/2992685