使用idea+Maven搭建ssm框架
对于初学者来说,有必要大致了解一下idea以及maven项目的优点。如果已经了解可跳过下面的介绍直接看搭建SSM框架的步骤。
IDEA和Maven项目的优点
idea是目前较为流行的IDE,懂得上下文使得IDEA具有敏锐的特点,它给出恰当的名称提示,查找合适的方法。不需要你特别地选择表达式便会猜测到你想要做的以及如何对它命名。IDEA预示着并给你提示,从而使程序员能够快捷的编写和修改代码,集中精力于解决问题。
我们都知道使用框架需要导入很多jar包,创建普通的web项目我们需要上网下载所需要的jar包,将jar包导入到项目的WEB-INF/lib中,由IDE引入到项目中。然而Maven项目只需要你在pom.xml文件中进行配置便可引入所需的jar包,对于大型项目来说十分方便(当然这只是maven一个最直接的优点,maven还有很多优点等着你使用后自己发现)
创建maven项目
第一步:新建一个Maven项目(需要电脑已经安装配置maven,参考链接https://www.yiibai.com/maven/maven_environment_setup.html),IDEA(点击File–点击New Project)弹出一下提示框,选择maven-archetype-webapp,选择RELEASE,点击next进行下一步。
第二步:GroupId填入组织名称,一般是com.xx、edu.xx等,ArtifactId一般填项目名称,点击next。
第三步:Maven home directory选择maven安装的路径;Local repository选择仓库,可以新建本地仓库,也可使用默认仓库。
第四步:填写项目名称(Project name),默认是跟前面artifactId填写的一样。
第五步:选择在新窗口打开项目(New Window),至此maven项目创建完成。
注意:刚打开项目可能出现项目目录不完整,到这里需要稍等一下,idea在加载插件,加载完成后会出现完整的项目目录,具体加载进程看界面进度栏。加载完成后如下:
搭建SSM框架
SSM框架是指spring、springMVC、mybatis三个框架的整合。
第一步:创建maven项目是默认没有resource文件夹的,需要手动添加。点击File–>project structure。
第二步:Modules–>Sources–>main右键–>New Folder, 输入resources。同样main右键–>New Folder, 输入java。
第三步:选择resources右键,点击Resources(选择文件资源类型);选择java右键,点击Sources,然后Apply,OK即可。
项目结构简介:
src文件夹就是我们放项目代码的地方
pom.xml是maven的配置文件,我们需要什么jar包,都可以在里面添加依赖,然后maven就会自己帮我们下到本地仓库里面
applicationContext.xml是spring配置文件
mapper文件夹里面放实体与数据库的映射文件
mybatis-config.xml是mybatis的配置文件
jdbc.properties是数据库相关信息
springmvc-config.xml是springmvc的配置文件
webapp下可新建js、css、images等文件,用来放前端资源
WEB-INF下新建views文件件,jsp文件就放这里面了
第四步:打开pom.xml文件,在 properties标签中添加以下代码:
<!-- Spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version>
在dependencies标签中添加以下代码:
<dependencies>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL相关包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.26</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSON -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 实现slf4j接口并整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring相关包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- json支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20160810</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
第五步:在resources包中创建配置文件,文件名为applicationContext.xml,resources右键–>New–>XML Configuration File–>Spring Config
代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 注册sqlSessionFactoryBean -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 自动扫描mappers.xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ClothingStorePOS.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!--配置扫面@Service注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ClothingStorePOS.services"/>
<!-- 事务管理器,依赖于数据源 -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--配置拦截器-->
<!--
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.shop.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
-->
<!--开启事务注解扫描-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
注意<bean id=“dataSource” class=“com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource”></bean>中的class不能直接复制粘贴,要通过“提示”敲出来,如果直接复制或者不按提示敲出来可能会报错
第六步:在resources包中创建名为jdbc.properties的文件, resources右键–>New–>Resource Bundle–>输入jdbc
输入以下代码:
//数据库驱动
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
//数据库URL
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssh
//数据库用户名
jdbc.user=root
//数据库密码
jdbc.password=123
第七步:在resources包中创建配置文件springmvc-config.xml,resources右键–>New–>XML Configuration File–>Spring Config,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 启动自动扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ClothingStorePOS.*"></context:component-scan>
<!-- mvc注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 静态资源可访问的设置方式 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--配置静态资源的访问映射,此配置中的文件,将不被前端控制器拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/image/" mapping="/image/**"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" ></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置jackson支持-->
<!-- 输出对象转JSON支持 -->
<bean id="jsonConverter"
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
第八步:在resources包中创建xml文件mybatis-config.xml,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ClothingStorePOS.entities"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<package name="mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
第九步:在resources包中创建mapper包,用来存放mybatis映射文件。在包mapper中创建xml映射文件UserMapper.xml,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.ClothingStorePOS.dao.IUserDao">
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User">
insert into user(username,password,email) values(#{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR})
</insert>
</mapper>
第十步:按照路径webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml打开文件web.xml,设置代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- Spring容器加载所有配置文件的路径 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 设置编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 加载Spring容器配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>css</extension>
<mime-type>text/css</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>js</extension>
<mime-type>application/javascript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!-- 配置springmvc控制器,将所有的请求(除了静态资源)交给springmvc处理 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
注意:设置配置文件后若报错,可能是jar包未完全加载,可点击右边的Maven Projects–>刷新
第十一步:在java包下创建包名为com.ClothingStorePOS的包,并在该包下依次创建dao、controller、services、entities四个包。并且在services包下创建impl包,存放实现类。
注意:controller包用来存放接收前台数据以及返回处理后数据的文件,dao用来存放操作数据库的接口文件,entities用来存放实体类文件,services用来存放处理业务逻辑的文件
第十二步:按照以下目录图创建相应的类和接口。
UserController代码如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.services.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Resource(name="userService")
private IUserService userService;
//用户注册
@RequestMapping("/add")
public ModelAndView addUserOne(User user){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
int result = userService.addUser(user);
System.out.println(result);
mv.addObject("result",result);
mv.setViewName("/success");
return mv;
}
}
IUserDao代码如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("userDao")
public interface IUserDao {
int addUser(User user);
}
User类代码如下:
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
UserServiceImpl类代码如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.dao.IUserDao;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.services.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Resource(name="userDao")
private IUserDao userDao;
public int addUser(User user) {
return userDao.addUser(user);
}
}
IUserService代码如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
public interface IUserService {
int addUser(User user);
}
第十三步:webapp下的index.jsp代码如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="user/add" method="post">
account:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
password:<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="log up">
</form>
</body>
</html>
第十四步:在WEB-INF下创建包views,在views下创建jsp文件success.jsp,代码如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success!</h1>
</body>
</html>
至此项目搭建完成,可运行项目,运行结果如下: