【Java】System.arraycopy

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆

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java源码

    /**
     * @param      src      原数组，被拷贝的数组
     * @param      srcPos   原数组起始位置
     * @param      dest     目标数组
     * @param      destPos  从目标数组那个索引位置开始拷贝
     * @param      length   长度
     * Throws: 
     * IndexOutOfBoundsException – if copying would cause access of data outside array bounds.
     * ArrayStoreException – if an element in the src array could not be stored into the dest array because of a type mismatch.
     * NullPointerException – if either src or dest is null.
     */
    public static native void arraycopy(Object src,  int  srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length);

* @param      src      原数组，被拷贝的数组
* @param      srcPos   原数组起始位置
* @param      dest     目标数组
* @param      destPos  从目标数组那个索引位置开始拷贝
* @param      length   长度

其中src和dest都必须是同类型或者可以进行转换类型的数组

测试

测试一-全部复制

    private static void testStringArray1() {
        String[] strings1 = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        String[] strings2 = new String[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]

        System.arraycopy(strings1, 0, strings2, 0, 5);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[a, b, c, d, e]
    }

原数组和目标数组都从0开始复制，长度为5

测试二-局部复制一

    private static void testStringArray2() {
        String[] strings1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        String[] strings2 = new String[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]

        System.arraycopy(strings1, 0, strings2, 2, 3);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, a, b, c]
    }

原数组从下标0开始，目标数组从下标2开始复制3个元素

测试二-局部复制二

    private static void testStringArray3() {
        String[] strings1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        String[] strings2 = new String[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]

        System.arraycopy(strings1, 2, strings2, 0, 3);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[c, d, e, null, null]
    }

原数组从下标2开始，目标数组从下标0开始复制3个元素

测试三-深拷贝还是浅拷贝

    static class Person {
        String name;
        int age;

        public Person(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

    private static void testStringArray3() {
        Person[] people1 = new Person[]{
                new Person("zy", 28),
                new Person("wxf", 18),
                new Person("my", 56),
                new Person("mht", 49)
        };
        Person[] people2 = new Person[people1.length];

        System.out.println("people1:" + Arrays.toString(people1));
        System.out.println("people2:" + Arrays.toString(people2));

        System.arraycopy(people1, 0, people2, 0, 4);

        System.out.println("people1:" + Arrays.toString(people1));
        System.out.println("people2:" + Arrays.toString(people2));

        for (int i = 0; i < people1.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(people1[i] == people2[i]);
        }
    }

测试如下：

people1:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@4b67cf4d, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@7ea987ac, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@12a3a380]
people2:[null, null, null, null]
people1:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@4b67cf4d, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@7ea987ac, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@12a3a380]
people2:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@4b67cf4d, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@7ea987ac, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Person@12a3a380]
true
true
true
true

两个数组中都是同一个对象，所有是浅拷贝，浅拷贝拷贝的是对象的引用，如果对象里面是基本类型也没有影响，应为我们拷贝的是对象的引用。

测试四- 超出大小限制

        String[] strings1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        String[] strings2 = new String[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]

        System.arraycopy(strings1, 0, strings2, 0, 7);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));
        

string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
string2:[null, null, null, null, null]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
	at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.testStringArray4(SystemArrayTest.java:104)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.main(SystemArrayTest.java:11)

测试五-空对象异常

        String[] strings1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        String[] strings2 = new String[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]

        strings2 = null;
        System.arraycopy(strings1, 0, strings2, 0, 5);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));

string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
string2:[null, null, null, null, null]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
	at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.testStringArray5(SystemArrayTest.java:127)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.main(SystemArrayTest.java:12)

测试六 - 类型不匹配

        String[] strings1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
        Integer[] strings2 = new Integer[strings1.length];

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));//string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));//string2:[null, null, null, null, null]


        System.arraycopy(strings1, 0, strings2, 0, 5);

        System.out.println("string1:" + Arrays.toString(strings1));
        System.out.println("string2:" + Arrays.toString(strings2));

String和Integer不能copye

string1:[a, b, c, d, e]
string2:[null, null, null, null, null]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayStoreException
	at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.testStringArray6(SystemArrayTest.java:150)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.main(SystemArrayTest.java:13)

测试七-父类向子类copy

    static class Base { }

    static class Child extends Base { }

    //类型兼容测试
    private static void testStringArray7() {
        Base[] bases = new Base[]{new Base(), new Base()};
        Child[] children = new Child[bases.length];

        System.out.println("bases:" + Arrays.toString(bases));
        System.out.println("children:" + Arrays.toString(children));


        System.arraycopy(bases, 0, children, 0, 2);

        System.out.println("bases:" + Arrays.toString(bases));
        System.out.println("children:" + Arrays.toString(children));
    }

bases:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Base@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Base@4b67cf4d]
children:[null, null]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayStoreException
	at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.testStringArray7(SystemArrayTest.java:173)
	at com.test.SystemArrayTest.main(SystemArrayTest.java:14)

测试八-子类向父类copy

    //类型兼容测试
    private static void testStringArray8() {
        Child[] children = new Child[]{new Child(), new Child()};
        Base[] bases = new Base[children.length];

        System.out.println("bases:" + Arrays.toString(bases));
        System.out.println("children:" + Arrays.toString(children));


        System.arraycopy(children, 0, bases, 0, 2);

        System.out.println("bases:" + Arrays.toString(bases));
        System.out.println("children:" + Arrays.toString(children));
    }

bases:[null, null]
children:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@4b67cf4d]
bases:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@4b67cf4d]
children:[com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@2503dbd3, com.test.SystemArrayTest$Child@4b67cf4d]

所以src和dest都必须是同类型或者可以进行转换类型的数组，理解就是：子类可以复制到父类，但是父类不能复制成为子类。向下兼容。