设备号

设备号，是内核标识字符设备的唯一标志；设备号分为主设备号和次设备号；在inode中保存着设备号，用来标识设备，从VFS中找到相应的设备；

1.主设备号的动态分配：alloc_chrdev_region()

/**
 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
 * @dev:       output parameter for first assigned number
 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers，always 0;
 * @count:     the number of minor numbers required
 * @name:      the name of the associated device or driver
 *
 * Allocates a range of char device numbers.  The major number will be chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor
   number)in @dev.  Returns zero or a negative error code.
 */
int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,const char *name)

使用例子：

rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&ape->cdevno, 0/*requested minor*/, 1/*count*/, DRV_NAME);
	/* allocation failed? */
	if (rc < 0) {
		printk("alloc_chrdev_region() = %d\n", rc);
		goto fail_alloc;
	}

2.注册设备号：register_chrdev_orgion()

在建立一个字符设备之前，驱动程序首先要做的事情就是向内核注册一个或多个设备编号；

/**
 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include the major number.设备号
 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
 *
 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
 */
int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)

3.释放设备号   unregister_chrdev_region

设备号 也属于系统资源，再不用的时候硬释放这些设备编号。

/**
 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
 *
 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
 * starting with @from.  The caller should normally be the one who
 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
 */
void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)