go生成验证码(带噪点、干扰线、正弦干扰线)

Go生成图形验证码，带噪点，干扰线，正弦干扰线；支持生成普通的字符串和简单的数学算术运算公式；注意：字体需要（.ttf）格式， 另需指定字体所在的目录，详情看下面具体的实现代码：

GitHub地址：https://github.com/vcqr/captcha

      

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/vcqr/captcha" //文件根据你自己的情况放
	"image/png"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

func generateCaptchaHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	cp := captcha.NewCaptcha(120, 40, 4)
	cp.SetFontPath("bin/")
	cp.SetFontName("free")
	cp.SetMode(1) // 设置为数学公式
	code, img  := cp.OutPut()
        //备注：code 可以根据情况存储到session，并在使用时取出验证

	fmt.Println(code)

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/png; charset=utf-8")


	png.Encode(w, img)
}

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/captcha", generateCaptchaHandler)

	if err := http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8080", nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

具体验证码生成代码： 

package captcha

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/golang/freetype"
	"github.com/llgcode/draw2d"
	"github.com/llgcode/draw2d/draw2dimg"
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

const (
	// chars           = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
	chars           = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
	operator        = "+-*/"
	defaultLen      = 4
	defaultFontSize = 25
	defaultDpi      = 72
)

// 图形验证码 使用字体默认ttf格式
// w 图片宽度, h图片高度，CodeLen验证码的个数
// FontSize 字体大小, Dpi 清晰度，FontPath 字体目录， FontName 字体名字
// mode 验证模式 0：普通字符串，1：10以内简单数学公式
type Captcha struct {
	W, H, CodeLen      int
	FontSize           float64
	Dpi                int
	FontPath, FontName string
	mode               int
}

// 实例化验证码
func NewCaptcha(w, h, CodeLen int) *Captcha {
	return &Captcha{W: w, H: h, CodeLen: CodeLen}
}

// 输出
func (captcha *Captcha) OutPut() (string, *image.RGBA) {
	img := captcha.initCanvas()
	return captcha.doImage(img)
}

// 获取区间[-m, n]的随机数
func (captcha *Captcha) RangeRand(min, max int64) int64 {
	if min > max {
		panic("the min is greater than max!")
	}

	if min < 0 {
		f64Min := math.Abs(float64(min))
		i64Min := int64(f64Min)
		result, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(max+1+i64Min))

		return result.Int64() - i64Min
	} else {
		result, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(max-min+1))

		return min + result.Int64()
	}
}

// 随机字符串
func (captcha *Captcha) getRandCode() string {
	if captcha.CodeLen <= 0 {
		captcha.CodeLen = defaultLen
	}

	var code = ""
	for l := 0; l < captcha.CodeLen; l++ {
		charsPos := captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(len(chars)-1))
		code += string(chars[charsPos])
	}

	return code
}

// 获取算术运算公式
func (captcha *Captcha) getFormulaMixData() (string, []string) {
	num1 := int(captcha.RangeRand(11, 20))
	num2 := int(captcha.RangeRand(1, 10))
	opArr := []rune(operator)
	opRand := opArr[captcha.RangeRand(0, 3)]

	strNum1 := strconv.Itoa(num1)
	strNum2 := strconv.Itoa(num2)

	var ret int
	var opRet string
	switch string(opRand) {
	case "+":
		ret = num1 + num2
		opRet = "+"
	case "-":
		ret = num1 - num2
		opRet = "-"
	case "*":
		ret = num1 * num2
		opRet = "×"
	case "/":
		ret = num1 / num2
		opRet = "÷"
	}

	return strconv.Itoa(ret), []string{strNum1, opRet, strNum2, "=", "?"}
}

// 初始化画布
func (captcha *Captcha) initCanvas() *image.RGBA {
	dest := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, captcha.W, captcha.H))

	// 随机色
	r := uint8(255) // uint8(captcha.RangeRand(50, 250))
	g := uint8(255) // uint8(captcha.RangeRand(50, 250))
	b := uint8(255) // uint8(captcha.RangeRand(50, 250))

	// 填充背景色
	for x := 0; x < captcha.W; x++ {
		for y := 0; y < captcha.H; y++ {
			dest.Set(x, y, color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255}) //设定alpha图片的透明度
		}
	}

	return dest
}

// 处理图像
func (captcha *Captcha) doImage(dest *image.RGBA) (string, *image.RGBA) {
	gc := draw2dimg.NewGraphicContext(dest)

	defer gc.Close()
	defer gc.FillStroke()

	captcha.setFont(gc)
	captcha.doPoint(gc)
	captcha.doLine(gc)
	captcha.doSinLine(gc)

	var codeStr string
	if captcha.mode == 1 {
		ret, formula := captcha.getFormulaMixData()
		fmt.Println(formula)
		codeStr = ret
		captcha.doFormula(gc, formula)
	} else {
		codeStr = captcha.getRandCode()
		captcha.doCode(gc, codeStr)
	}

	return codeStr, dest
}

// 验证码字符设置到图像上
func (captcha *Captcha) doCode(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext, code string) {
	for l := 0; l < len(code); l++ {
		y := captcha.RangeRand(int64(captcha.FontSize) - 1, int64(captcha.H) + 6)
		x := captcha.RangeRand(1, 20)

		// 随机色
		r := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 200))
		g := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 200))
		b := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 200))

		gc.SetFillColor(color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255})
		gc.FillStringAt(string(code[l]), float64(x)+captcha.FontSize*float64(l), float64(int64(captcha.H) - y) + captcha.FontSize)
		gc.Stroke()
	}
}

// 验证码字符设置到图像上
func (captcha *Captcha) doFormula(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext, formulaArr []string) {
	for l := 0; l < len(formulaArr); l++ {
		y := captcha.RangeRand(0, 10)
		x := captcha.RangeRand(5, 10)

		// 随机色
		r := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(10, 200))
		g := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(10, 200))
		b := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(10, 200))

		gc.SetFillColor(color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255})

		gc.FillStringAt(formulaArr[l], float64(x)+captcha.FontSize*float64(l), captcha.FontSize+float64(y))
		gc.Stroke()
	}
}

// 增加干扰线
func (captcha *Captcha) doLine(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext) {
	// 设置干扰线
	for n := 0; n < 5; n++ {
		// gc.SetLineWidth(float64(captcha.RangeRand(1, 2)))
		gc.SetLineWidth(1)

		// 随机背景色
		r := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))
		g := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))
		b := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))

		gc.SetStrokeColor(color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255})

		// 初始化位置
		gc.MoveTo(float64(captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.W)+10)), float64(captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.H)+5)))
		gc.LineTo(float64(captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.W)+10)), float64(captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.H)+5)))

		gc.Stroke()
	}
}

// 增加干扰点
func (captcha *Captcha) doPoint(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext) {
	for n := 0; n < 50; n++ {
		gc.SetLineWidth(float64(captcha.RangeRand(1, 3)))

		// 随机色
		r := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))
		g := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))
		b := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(0, 255))

		gc.SetStrokeColor(color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255})

		x := captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.W)+10) + 1
		y := captcha.RangeRand(0, int64(captcha.H)+5) + 1

		gc.MoveTo(float64(x), float64(y))
		gc.LineTo(float64(x+captcha.RangeRand(1, 2)), float64(y+captcha.RangeRand(1, 2)))

		gc.Stroke()
	}
}

// 增加正弦干扰线
func (captcha *Captcha) doSinLine(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext) {
	h1 := captcha.RangeRand(-12, 12)
	h2 := captcha.RangeRand(-1, 1)
	w2 := captcha.RangeRand(5, 20)
	h3 := captcha.RangeRand(5, 10)

	h := float64(captcha.H)
	w := float64(captcha.W)

	// 随机色
	r := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(128, 255))
	g := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(128, 255))
	b := uint8(captcha.RangeRand(128, 255))

	gc.SetStrokeColor(color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255})
	gc.SetLineWidth(float64(captcha.RangeRand(2, 4)))

	var i float64
	for i = -w / 2; i < w/2; i = i + 0.1 {
		y := h/float64(h3)*math.Sin(i/float64(w2)) + h/2 + float64(h1)

		gc.LineTo(i+w/2, y)

		if h2 == 0 {
			gc.LineTo(i+w/2, y+float64(h2))
		}
	}

	gc.Stroke()
}

//设置模式
func (captcha *Captcha) SetMode(mode int) {
	captcha.mode = mode
}

// 设置字体路径
func (captcha *Captcha) SetFontPath(FontPath string) {
	captcha.FontPath = FontPath
}

// 设置字体名称
func (captcha *Captcha) SetFontName(FontName string) {
	captcha.FontName = FontName
}

// 设置字体大小
func (captcha *Captcha) SetFontSize(fontSize float64) {
	captcha.FontSize = fontSize
}

//设置相关字体
func (captcha *Captcha) setFont(gc *draw2dimg.GraphicContext) {
	if captcha.FontPath == "" {
		panic("the font path is empty!")
	}

	if captcha.FontName == "" {
		panic("the font name is empty!")
	}

	// 字体文件
	fontFile := strings.TrimRight(captcha.FontPath, "/") + "/" + strings.TrimLeft(captcha.FontName, "/") + ".ttf"

	fontBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fontFile)
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(err)
		return
	}

	font, err := freetype.ParseFont(fontBytes)
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(err)
		return
	}

	// 设置自定义字体相关信息
	gc.FontCache = draw2d.NewSyncFolderFontCache(captcha.FontPath)
	gc.FontCache.Store(draw2d.FontData{Name: captcha.FontName, Family: 0, Style: draw2d.FontStyleNormal}, font)
	gc.SetFontData(draw2d.FontData{Name: captcha.FontName, Style: draw2d.FontStyleNormal})

	//设置清晰度
	if captcha.Dpi <= 0 {
		captcha.Dpi = defaultDpi
	}
	gc.SetDPI(captcha.Dpi)

	// 设置字体大小
	if captcha.FontSize <= 0 {
		captcha.FontSize = defaultFontSize
	}
	gc.SetFontSize(captcha.FontSize)
}