学习mysql_day3_高级查询1(聚合查询,聚合统计)

聚合函数

先准备数据内容

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select * from students;
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| id | name      | age  | height | gender | cls_id | is_delete |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | 小明      |   18 | 180.00 | 男     |      1 |           |
|  2 | 小张      |   18 | 160.00 | 男     |      2 |           |
|  3 | 小红      |   20 | 170.00 | 女     |      1 |           |
|  4 | 周杰      |   38 | 175.00 | 男     |      1 |           |
|  5 | 彭玉宴    |   56 | 150.00 | 男     |      2 |           |
|  6 | 刘德化    |   29 | 150.00 | 男     |      2 |           |
|  7 | 张学友    |   36 | 180.00 | 男     |      1 |           |
|  8 | 周杰伦    |   25 | 166.00 | 男     |      1 |           |
|  9 | 风姐      |   16 | 169.00 | 女     |      1 |           |
| 10 | 王小明    |   57 | 162.00 | 男     |      2 |          |
| 11 | 张小华    |   46 | 173.00 | 女     |      1 |           |
| 12 | 金星      |   29 | 175.00 | 女     |      1 |          |
| 13 | 黄蓉      |   66 | 185.00 | 中性   |      2 |           |
| 14 | 古天乐    |   15 | 186.00 | 保密   |      2 |           |
| 15 | 刘小海    |   31 | 175.00 | 保密   |      1 |           |
| 16 | 小月月    |   57 | 163.00 | 女     |      1 |           |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select * from classes;
+----+--------------+
| id | name         |
+----+--------------+
|  1 | python_01期  |
|  2 | python_02期  |
+----+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

统计行数 有一行算一行

count() --该方法效率高一些
count(1) – 该方法是统计第一列 如ID
count(列名) --该方法是判断列有多少行 如果该行有null 则少1 所以查询出来要比对 性能低
格式为：select count() from 表名; 后面也可以加条件 where 条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select count(*) from students;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|       16 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select count(*) from students where gender='男';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        8 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

最大值: max()

select max(列名) from 表名 或加条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select max(height) from students;
+-------------+
| max(height) |
+-------------+
|      186.00 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

最小值: min()

select min(列名) from 表名 或加条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select min(height) from students;
+-------------+
| min(height) |
+-------------+
|      150.00 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

求和: sum()

select sum(列名) from 表名 或加条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select sum(height) from students;
+-------------+
| sum(height) |
+-------------+
|     2719.00 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

平均值: avg()

select avg(列名) from 表名 或加条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select avg(height) from students;
+-------------+
| avg(height) |
+-------------+
|  169.937500 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数, 四舍五入

计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select round(avg(height),2) from students;
+----------------------+
| round(avg(height),2) |
+----------------------+
|               169.94 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

聚合统计

group by

查询班级的学生性别
有两种方法 1：distinck 2:group by

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select distinct gender from students;
+--------+
| gender |
+--------+
| 男     |
| 女     |
| 中性   |
| 保密   |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender from students group by gender;
+--------+
| gender |
+--------+
| 男     |
| 女     |
| 中性   |
| 保密   |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询每种性别的人数 可以结合count(*)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select count(*),gender from students group by gender;
+----------+--------+
| count(*) | gender |
+----------+--------+
|        8 | 男     |
|        5 | 女     |
|        1 | 中性   |
|        2 | 保密   |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询每种分组数据中的人的姓名 group_concat(列名)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender,group_concat(name) from students group by gender;
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gender | group_concat(name)                                                     |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 男     | 小明,周杰伦,张学友,刘德化,彭玉宴,周杰,小张,王小明                      |
| 女     | 金星,张小华,风姐,小红,小月月                                           |
| 中性   | 黄蓉                                                                   |
| 保密   | 古天乐,刘小海                                                          |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询同种性别中的姓名和身高

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender,group_concat(name,height) from students group by gender;
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gender | group_concat(name,height)                                                                                              |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 男     | 小明180.00,周杰伦166.00,张学友180.00,刘德化150.00,彭玉宴150.00,周杰175.00,小张160.00,王小明162.00                      |
| 女     | 金星175.00,张小华173.00,风姐169.00,小红170.00,小月月163.00                                                             |
| 中性   | 黄蓉185.00                                                                                                             |
| 保密   | 古天乐186.00,刘小海175.00                                                                                              |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

对group by 分组之后做筛选 having 条件

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender from students group by gender having gender='男';
+--------+
| gender |
+--------+
| 男     |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender,group_concat(name,height) from students group by gender having gender='男';
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gender | group_concat(name,height)                                                                                              |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 男     | 小明180.00,周杰伦166.00,张学友180.00,刘德化150.00,彭玉宴150.00,周杰175.00,小张160.00,王小明162.00                      |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

having 非等于

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender from students group by gender having gender!='男';
+--------+
| gender |
+--------+
| 女     |
| 中性   |
| 保密   |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql_demo1]> select gender,group_concat(name,height) from students group by gender having gender!='男';
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gender | group_concat(name,height)                                              |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 女     | 金星175.00,张小华173.00,风姐169.00,小红170.00,小月月163.00             |
| 中性   | 黄蓉185.00                                                             |
| 保密   | 古天乐186.00,刘小海175.00                                              |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

having 和 where 的区别

having 只能对分组之后的数据做条件筛选, 有having 就一定有 group by, 有 group by 不一定有having
where 是对查询的源数据做条件筛选

分页 按需加载 limit (start,count)

– limit start, count limit 限制的条数
– start: 表示从哪里开始查询, start 默认值为0, 可以省略, 跳过多少条数据
– count: 查询多少条

--获取第一页, 每页显示4条数据
select * from students limit 0,1;
select * from students limit 1;

第1页  --- 分了几页  --- 分了一页  list (下标) 14 个数
select * from students limit 0,14;   0 是否和id有关联 1 2 

第2页 --- 从第4条数据 查询, 查询出来4条数据
select * from students limit 4,4;


第3页
select * from students limit (3-1)*4,4;

第4页
select * from students limit 12,4;
#
select * from students limit (n-1)*m,m;

#每页显示m条数据 ,显示n页
#100 5 20 
#  5

(n-1)*m,m -- 简单公式