北大 算法基础 八数码 POJ1077

测试通过.

#include<iostream> 
#include<bitset>
using namespace std;

int goalStatus;//目标序号
bitset<362880> Flags;//标记已用序号
const int MAXS = 370000;
char result[MAXS];//移动的过程
struct Node
{
	int status;//排列序号
	int father;//父序号
	char move;//移动到当前序号的动作
	Node(int s,int f,int m):status(s),father(f),move(m){}
	Node(){}
};
Node myQueue[MAXS];//状态队列
int qHead; int qTail;//队头,队尾的'指针'
char sz4Moves[] = "udrl";//四个移动动作
unsigned int factorial[21];//阶乘的值数组
unsigned int GetPermutationNumForInt(int* perInt, int len) {
	//从数值排列perInt计算序号
	bool numUsed[21];//数字使用标记
	unsigned int num = 0;
	memset(numUsed, 0, sizeof(numUsed));
	for(int i=0;i<len;i++)//循环每一位数
	{
		int n = 0;
		numUsed[perInt[i]] = 1;//标记第i位数已使用
		for (int j = 0; j < perInt[i]; j++) {
			if (!numUsed[j])
				++n;
		}
		num += n * factorial[len - 1 - i];
	}
	return num;//从0开始所以不加上它自身的状态
}

template<class T>
unsigned int GetPermutationNum(T s1, T s2, int len) {
	//给定任意排列求序号,s1是第一个排列,s2待求的排列
	int *perInt =new int[len];
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)//把任意排列转为数值排列perInt
		for (int j = 0; j < len; j++)
			if (*(s2+i) == *(s1+j))
			{
				perInt[i] = j;
				break;			
			}
	unsigned int num = GetPermutationNumForInt(perInt, len);
 	delete [] perInt;//清空
	return num;//返回序号
}

template<class T>
void GetPermutationByNum(T s1, T s2, int len, unsigned int No) {
	//根据序号求任意排列,s1是第一个排列
	int* perInt = new int[len];//存排列的数值
	bool* numUsed = new bool[len];//已使用标记
	memset(numUsed, 0, sizeof(bool)*len);//numUsed是指针不能放在第三位,注意
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {	//第i位
		int j ;
		for ( j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			if (!numUsed[j])
			{
				if (factorial[len - 1 - i] >= No+1)					
					break;
				else
					No -= factorial[len - 1 - i];
			}
		}
		perInt[i] = j;//找到的数放入排列
		numUsed[j] = 1;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		*(s2 + i) = *(s1 + perInt[i]);//转换成任意形式的排列s2
	}
	delete[] perInt;
	delete[] numUsed;
}

unsigned int StrStatusToIntStatus(const char* strStatus) {
//从字串排列求序号
	return GetPermutationNum("012345678", strStatus, 9);

}

void IntStatusToStrStatus(int n, char* strStatus) {
	//从序号求字串排列
	GetPermutationByNum((char*)"012345678", strStatus, 9, n);//为了类型统一,加上(char*)
}

int NewStatus(int nStatus, char cMove) {
	//从序号nStatus,通过cMove移动为新排列序号
	char szTmp[20];//保存序号对应的字串排列
	int nZeroPos;//0的位置
	IntStatusToStrStatus(nStatus, szTmp);//序号求字符排列
	for(int i=0;i<9;i++)//找0位
		if (szTmp[i] == '0') {
			nZeroPos = i;
			break;
		}
	switch (cMove) {//移动0的位置
	case'u':if (nZeroPos < 3)return -1;//最上排,不能上移
		   else {
		szTmp[nZeroPos] = szTmp[nZeroPos - 3];
		szTmp[nZeroPos - 3] = '0';
		break;
	}
	case'd':if (nZeroPos > 5)return - 1;
		   else {
		szTmp[nZeroPos] = szTmp[nZeroPos + 3];
		szTmp[nZeroPos + 3] = '0';
		break;
	}
	case'r':if (nZeroPos % 3 == 2) return -1;
		   else {
		szTmp[nZeroPos] = szTmp[nZeroPos + 1];
		szTmp[nZeroPos + 1] = '0';
		break;
	}
	case'l':if (nZeroPos % 3 == 0) return -1;
		   else {
		szTmp[nZeroPos] = szTmp[nZeroPos - 1];
		szTmp[nZeroPos - 1] = '0';
	}
	}
	return StrStatusToIntStatus(szTmp);
}

bool Bfs(int nStatus) {//广搜
	int nNewStatus;
	int Status;
	Flags.reset();
	qHead = 0;
	qTail = 1;
	myQueue[qHead] = Node(nStatus, -1, 0);
	Flags.set(nStatus,1);//被使用
	while (qHead != qTail)
	{
		Status = myQueue[qHead].status;
		if (Status == goalStatus)//找到最终状态结束
			return true;
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)//四个方向移动
		{
			nNewStatus = NewStatus(Status, sz4Moves[i]);
			if (nNewStatus == -1) continue;//不能移
			if (Flags[nNewStatus]) continue;//状态已存在 
			Flags.set(nNewStatus, true);
			myQueue[qTail++] = Node(nNewStatus, qHead, sz4Moves[i]);
		}
		qHead++;
	}
	return false;//没有找到
}

int main() {
	factorial[0] = factorial[1] = 1;
	for (int i = 2; i < 21; i++)
		factorial[i] = i * factorial[i - 1];
	goalStatus = StrStatusToIntStatus("123456780");
	char szLine[50];
	char szLine2[20];
	while (cin.getline(szLine, 48)) {//清洗字符放入szLine2
		int j = 0;
		for (int i = 0; szLine[i]; i++) {
			if (szLine[i] != ' ') {//跳过空字符
				if (szLine[i] == 'x')szLine2[j++] = '0';//替换字符x,
				else szLine2[j++] = szLine[i];
			}
		}
		szLine2[j] = 0;//字符串最后一个字符为0
		int sumGoal = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)//"123456780"的奇偶性
			sumGoal += i;
		int sumOri=0;
		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)//判断奇偶性
			for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
				if (szLine2[j] < szLine2[i] && szLine2[i] != '0' && szLine2[j] != '0')//奇偶性必须忽略0
				{
					++sumOri;
					continue;
				}

		if (sumGoal % 2 != sumOri % 2)
		{
			cout << "unsolvable" << endl;
			continue;
		}

 		if (Bfs(StrStatusToIntStatus(szLine2))) {
			int nMoves = 0;
			int nPos = qHead;
			do {
				result[nMoves++] = myQueue[nPos].move;
				nPos = myQueue[nPos].father;
			} while (nPos);
			for (int i = nMoves - 1; i >= 0; i--)
					cout << result[i];//反向输出
		}
		else{
			cout << "unsolvable" << endl;
			continue;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}