如何在LINUX(UBUNTU)实现FTP服务器多用户多权限

要求

实现两个用户,使得一个student可以上传,下载文件

另一个teacher可以上传,下载,删除文件

首先现在Ubuntu上安装ftp(以下使用vsftp演示)

//1.安装vsftpd
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
​
//2.检验是否按照成功
vsftpd -v
or
service vsftpd status
​
//3.修改vaftpd配置文件
/*
找到listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
将YES改为NO,将NO改为YES(因为我们一般使用ipv4)
*/
​
//4.添加用户组,将我们所需要的用户全部放到同一个组中进行
sudo groupadd ftpuser
​
//接下来我们有两种方法创建用户
1.使用adduesr + 用户名直接创建,此方法的好处就是实现了人机交互,较为方便
2.使用adduser + 用户名创建,之后再为其修改密码,修改参数即可
​
我们采用第二中方法
//5.创建用户
//5.1首先,再根目录下创建一个guest目录
mkdir /home/guest/(用于存放用户)
​
//添加teacher用户到用户组ftpuser中
sudo useradd -g ftpuser student
​
//为teacher设置密码
passwd teacher
​
//修改shell和权限
vim /etc/passwd
找到对应用户
将其末尾修改为:/bin/bash
//更改文件所有者的权限
chown -v -R teacher:ftpuser /home/guest
chmod -v -R 700 /home/guest
​
//重启服务
service vsftpd restart
​
//再linux终端输入ftp localhost即可访问fpt服务器
​
//同样的,使用类似的方法可以创建teacher用户

为了使student用户没有删除的权力,需要做以下更改

//首先新建一个文件夹
mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd_user_conf
​
//然后在该文件夹中创建一个文件并写入cmds_denied=DELE即可
vim ./你想要禁用的用户名
//此处为student
vim student
​
//重新打开配置文件
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
//写入
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf
​
//重启ftp服务即可

ftp服务器配置文件如下

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=NO
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=NO
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
​
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
#
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
​
​
#jingzhiguest(student)shanchu wej 
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf


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Ubuntu是一种基于Linux的操作系统,可以通过它来操作FTP(文件传输协议)。在Ubuntu中,我们可以通过以下步骤来进行FTP操作: 第一步是安装FTP服务器软件。在Ubuntu上,我们有多个选择,比如vsftpd、proftpd等。我们可以使用apt命令来安装所选择的FTP服务器软件,例如:sudo apt-get install vsftpd。 第二步是配置FTP服务器。配置文件通常位于/etc文件夹下。我们可以使用文本编辑器打开配置文件进行设置,例如:sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf。在配置文件中,我们需要设置FTP服务器的一些基本参数,如监听IP地址、允许的用户、文件访问权限等。 第三步是启动FTP服务器。我们可以使用以下命令来启动FTP服务器:sudo service vsftpd start。如果一切设置正确,FTP服务器将会在指定的端口上监听,并准备接收连接。 第四步是通过FTP客户端连接到FTP服务器。在Ubuntu中,我们可以使用自带的命令行FTP客户端,也可以使用图形界面FTP客户端,如FileZilla等。通过提供FTP服务器的IP地址、用户名和密码,我们可以建立与FTP服务器的连接。 最后,我们可以使用FTP命令来执行各种操作,如上传文件、下载文件、创建文件夹等。通过指定相应的命令和参数,我们可以在FTP服务器和客户端之间传输文件和数据。 总结起来,通过在Ubuntu上安装、配置和启动FTP服务器,以及使用合适的FTP客户端来连接和操作FTP服务器,我们可以实现文件的快速传输和共享。这对于个人用户和企业来说,都是非常有用的。

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