tomcat是怎么工作的学习——一个简单的web服务器

    学习tomcat的工作原理，先从一个简单的web服务器开始。它主要使用java socket来实现，分为三个类：

    HttpServer

    Request

    Response

    程序从HttpServer的main方法执行，运行程序后在指定的端口上等待http请求，处理它们并发送响应返回客户端，

一直到接收到shutdown命令。

    接下来看这三个类的实现

Request

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class Request {
	private InputStream input;
	private String uri;

	public Request(InputStream input) {
		this.input=input;
	}

	public void parse() {
		// Read a set of characters from the socket
		StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
		int i;
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		try {
			i = input.read(buffer);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			i = -1;
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
			request.append((char) buffer[j]);
		}
		System.out.print(request.toString());
		uri = parseUri(request.toString());
	}

	private String parseUri(String requestString) {
		int index1, index2;
		index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
		if (index1 != -1) {
			index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
			if (index2 > index1)
				return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
		}
		return null;
	}

	public String getUri() {
		return uri;
	}

}

用于处理接收客户端浏览器发送过来的请求，主要功能就是分析请求报文经过Request分析之后得到uri，

Response

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.File;

/*
 HTTP Response = Status-Line
 *(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF)
 CRLF
 [ message-body ]
 Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF
 */
public class Response {
	private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
	Request request;
	OutputStream output;

	public Response(OutputStream output) {
		this.output = output;
	}

	public void setRequest(Request request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
		byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		try {
			File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
			if (file.exists()) {
				fis = new FileInputStream(file);
				int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
				while (ch != -1) {
					output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
					ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
				}
			} else {
				// file not found
				String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n"
						+ "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
						+ "Content-Length: 23\r\n" + "\r\n"
						+ "<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
				output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// thrown if cannot instantiate a File object
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		} finally {
			if (fis != null)
				fis.close();
		}
	}
}

通过uri得到请求资源，在Response中判断资源是否存在，不存在就返回错误信息，若存在就读取资源文件的内容，

用socket.getOutputStream()得到的output，将静态资源作为原始数据发送给浏览器展示

HttpServer

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;

public class HttpServer {
	/**
	 * WEB_ROOT is the directory where our HTML and other files reside. For this
	 * package, WEB_ROOT is the "webroot" directory under the working directory.
	 * The working directory is the location in the file system from where the
	 * java command was invoked.
	 */
	public static final String WEB_ROOT = System.getProperty("user.dir")
			+ File.separator + "webroot";
	// shutdown command
	private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";
	// the shutdown command received
	private boolean shutdown = false;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
		server.await();
	}

	public void await() {
		ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
		int port = 8080;
		try {
			serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress
					.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		// Loop waiting for a request
		while (!shutdown) {
			Socket socket = null;
			InputStream input = null;
			OutputStream output = null;
			try {
				socket = serverSocket.accept();
				input = socket.getInputStream();
				output = socket.getOutputStream();
				// create Request object and parse
				Request request = new Request(input);
				request.parse();
				// create Response object
				Response response = new Response(output);
				response.setRequest(request);
				response.sendStaticResource();
				// Close the socket
				socket.close();
				// check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
				shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				continue;
			}
		}
	}
}

主类HttpServer从中协调，构造request对象接收请求报文，再将request给response使用，再通过response对象，做出响应。

在webroot目录下面放入index.html文件，运行程序，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/index.html

可以看到如下输出：

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: Keep-Alive