tomcat是怎么工作的学习——一个简单的Servlet容器

<span style="font-size:14px;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">一个简单的servlet容器由前面的应用程序演变过来，它可以出来简单的servlet和静态资源(html)。
首先我们创建一个简单的servlet类 PrimitveServlet.java
</span>import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class PrimitiveServlet implements Servlet {
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("init");
	}

	public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("from service");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("Hello. Roses are red.");
		out.print("Violets are blue.");
	}

	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("destroy");
	}

	public String getServletInfo() {
		return null;
	}

	public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
		return null;
	}
}

       它实现了javax.servlet.Servlet接口，Servlet编程是通过javax.servlet和javax.servlet.http这两个包的类和接口来实现的，所以的servlet必须实现或者继承实现了该接口的类。

       一个全功能的servlet容器会为servlet的每个请求做下面一些工作：

      servlet类加载时调用init方法，值调用一次。

      每次接收到请求构造一个javax.servlet.ServletRequest实例，和一个javax.servlet.ServletResponse实例。

       调用servlet的service方法，同时将构造的ServletRequest和ServletResponse对象传递给它。

       servlet类被关闭时调用destroy方法卸载servlet类。

      本文所写的是一个简单的servlet容器，它只做下面两件事：

     1. 等待http请求

      2. 构造一个javax.servlet.ServletRequest对象，和一个javax.servlet.ServletResponse对象。

     应用程序由6个类组成：

 

     HttpServer1
     Request
     Response
     StaticResourceProcessor
     ServletProcessor1
     Constants

首先看HttpServer1.java

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HttpServer1 {
	private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";
	private boolean shutdown = false;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HttpServer1 server = new HttpServer1();
		server.await();
	}

	public void await() {
		ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
		int port = 8080;
		try {
			serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress
					.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		// Loop waiting for a request
		while (!shutdown) {
			Socket socket = null;
			InputStream input = null;
			OutputStream output = null;
			try {
				socket = serverSocket.accept();
				input = socket.getInputStream();
				output = socket.getOutputStream();
				// create Request object and parse
				Request request = new Request(input);
				request.parse();
				// create Response object
				Response response = new Response(output);
				response.setRequest(request);
				if(request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")){
					ServletProcessor1 processor=new ServletProcessor1();
					processor.process(request,response);
				}else{
					StaticResourceProcessor processor=new StaticResourceProcessor();
					processor.process(request,response);
				}
				// Close the socket
				socket.close();
				// check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
				shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				continue;
			}
		}
	}

它负责等待http请求，收到请求后构造request和response,并判断请求是静态资源还是servlet，交给不同的类处理。

下面看Request.java它负责解析http请求

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;

public class Request implements ServletRequest{
	private InputStream input;
	private String uri;

	public Request(InputStream input) {
		this.input=input;
	}

	public void parse() {
		// Read a set of characters from the socket
		StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
		int i;
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		try {
			i = input.read(buffer);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			i = -1;
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
			request.append((char) buffer[j]);
		}
		System.out.print(request.toString());
		uri = parseUri(request.toString());
	}

	private String parseUri(String requestString) {
		int index1, index2;
		index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
		if (index1 != -1) {
			index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
			if (index2 > index1)
				return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
		}
		return null;
	}

	public String getUri() {
		return uri;
	}
}

        Response.java负责响应请求，静态资源请求交给StaticResourceProcessor.java处理，servlet请求就将它交给ServletProcessor1.java进行处理

先看Response.java

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;


public class Response implements ServletResponse{
	private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
	Request request;
	OutputStream output;
	PrintWriter writer;

	public Response(OutputStream output) {
		this.output = output;
	}

	public void setRequest(Request request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
		byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		try {
			File file = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
			fis = new FileInputStream(file);
			int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
			while (ch != -1) {
				output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
				ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// file not found
			String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n"
					+ "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
					+ "Content-Length: 23\r\n" + "\r\n"
					+ "<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
			output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
		} finally {
			if (fis != null)
				fis.close();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
		//true allow auto refresh
		writer = new PrintWriter(output, true);
		return writer;
	}

}

StaticResourceProcessor.java很简单，它直接调用Response.java的sendStaticResource方法处理静态请求。

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;

public class StaticResourceProcessor {

	public void process(Request request, Response response) {
		try {
			response.sendStaticResource();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

ServletProcessor1.java如下：

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class ServletProcessor1 {

	public void process(Request request, Response response) {
		String uri=request.getUri();
		String servletName=uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/")+1);
		//类加载器
		URLClassLoader loader=null;
		try {
			//资源数组，指向加载类时查找的位置
			URL[] urls=new URL[1];
			URLStreamHandler streamHandler=null;
			File classpath=new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT);
			/**
			 * servlet容器里面，一个类加载器可以在资源库(repository)找到要加载的servlet
			 * 构造一个包含资源库的字符串
			 */
			String repository=(new URL("file",null,classpath.getCanonicalPath()+File.separator
					)).toString();
			urls[0]=new URL(null,repository,streamHandler);
			loader=new URLClassLoader(urls);
		} 
		catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}
		Class<?> myClass = null;
		try {
			//找到指定名称的servletName.class

			myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}
		Servlet servlet=null;
		try {     //实例化指定名称的servlet对象
			servlet=(Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
			servlet.service(request,(ServletResponse) response);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		} catch (Throwable e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}
	}

}

它使用类加载器，加载指定资源库里面的servlet类，实例化指定名称的servlet对象.最后调用servlet 的service方法。

 

Constants.java里面有个常量，用来找到servlet.class存放的位置

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.File;

public class Constants {
 public static final String WEB_ROOT = System.getProperty("user.dir")
 + File.separator + "webroot";

}

 

运行程序，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/servlet/PrimitiveServlet，可以看到输出

       Hello. Roses are red.

还有一行没有输出，因为out.print()方法不会刷新输出