目录
七、while循环 使用while循环,条件为真,可以执行一组语句
一、基础知识
#切片 [:]获取字符
a='Hello,world!' print(a[1:4])
#大写upper()
a='Hello,world!' print(a.upper())
#小写lower()
#替换字符串replace()
a='Hello,world!' print(a.replace('H','h'))
#拆分字符串split()
a="Hello,world" print(a.split("!"))
#format()单个传参数
age=23 txt="今年{}" print(txt.format(age))
#format()多个传参{}
#capitalize()首字母大写
#casefold()首字母小写
#布尔值 True/False
二、列表[]表示
#列表方括号[]或者list()
#len()长度
#更改
#插入列表insert()
mylist = ['a','b','c','d'] mylist.insert(2,'f') #指定位置添加 print(mylist)
#append()添加列表 加入列表
mylist = ['a','b','c','d'] mylist2 = ['f','g','h'] for x in mylist2: mylist.append(x) print(mylist)
#extend()合并列表 extend()可以添加元组、集合、字典等
mylist = ['a','b','c','d'] mylist2 = ['f','g','h'] mylist.extend(mylist2) print(mylist)
#remove()删除列表
#pop()删除指定索引,如果不指定删除最后一项
#del删除全部
#倒序 reverse()反转元素的当前排列顺序
#排序 sort()方法区分大小写,大写字母都在小写字母之前
三、元组()
mytuple = ('a','b','c') print(type(mytuple))
#索引
#更改 先强制转换为列表
x= ('a','b','c','d') y=list(x) y[1] = 'f' x=tuple(y) print(x)
#添加项目值
thistuple = ('a','b','c','d') y = ('f',) #创建只有一个元组时,加逗号 thistuple += y print(thistuple)
#删除元组remove()函数 先转换为列表
#解包
#遍历元组 for in
四、集合{} 是无序的
#遍历集合 for in
#添加 add()
#update()添加集合
myset = {'a','b','c','d'} myset1 = {'e','f','g','h'} myset.update(myset1) print(myset)
#remove()移除
#集合连接 union()函数 update()方法将set2插入到set1中,无论union()和update()将排除任何重复的项目
#仅保留重复项 intersection_update()
myset = {'a','b','c','d'} myset1 = {'a','f','g'} myset.intersection_update(myset1) print(myset)
#保留所有,但不保留重复项symmetric_difference()
myset = {'a','b','c','d'} myset1 = {'a','f','g','h'} z = myset.symmetric_difference(myset1) print(z)
五、字典 用大括号,有键和值
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } print (thisdict)
#访问键值
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } x = thisdict["year"] print (x)
#keys()方法将访问字典中所以键的列表
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } x = thisdict.keys() print (x)
#添加
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } thisdict['age'] = 23 print (thisdict)
#values()方法返回字典中所有值的列表
x = thisdict.value()
items()方法将返回字典中的每个项目。作为列表中的元组
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } thisdict['age'] = 23 x = thisdict.items() print (x)
#要确定字典中是否存在指定的键,in关键字
#更改
可以覆盖以及update()方法
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } thisdict.update({'year':2000}) print(thisdict)
#删除pop()方法
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } thisdict.pop('year') print(thisdict)
#clear()清空
#遍历循环、values()、keys()
thisdict = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } for i in thisdict: print(thisdict[i])
#嵌套字典
dict1 = { "brand":"ford", "year":1999 } dict2 = { "brand":"ford", "year":2000 } dict3 = { "brand":"ford", "year":2001 } mydict = { 'dict1':dict1, 'dice2': dict2, 'dice3': dict3 } print(mydict)
六、if语句
#and语句
a = 200 b = 33 c = 500 if a > b and c > a: print("两种条件都满足")
# or语句
a = 200 b = 33 c = 500 if a > b or a > c: print("至少满足一种")
七、while循环 使用while循环,条件为真,可以执行一组语句
i = 0 while i < 6: print(i) i += 1
#break停止循环
i = 0 while i < 6: print(i) if i == 3: break i += 1
#continue 停止当次循环,继续下一个
i = 0 while i < 6: i += 1 if i == 3: continue print(i)
八、函数
#定义调用函数
def my_function(): print(' Hello from a function ' ) my_function()
#参数
#单个参数
def my_function(fname): print(fname + ' Hello from a function ' ) my_function('a')
#多个参数 (逗号隔开)
def my_function(fname, lname): print(fname + ' Hello from a function ' + lname ) my_function('a','b')
#未知参数
def my_function(*lname): print(' Hello from a function ' + lname[1]) my_function('a', 'b', 'c')
#任意关键词参数**
def my_function(**lname): print(' Hello from a function ' + lname['a']) my_function(a = 'f', b = 'g')
#默认参数值
def my_function(country = 'Norway'): print(' Hello from a function ' + country) my_function('Sweden') my_function()