关于jms概念以及activemq这里不做具体赘述,activemq是apache的一款项目,介绍里号称是最方便最强大的jms实现方式。其实jms与webservice功能是一样的,侧重点不同而已。都是提供多系统之间的交互通信方式,前者相对于后者更加轻量级,可以实现延迟通信,避免系统高峰期交互通信,也不需要暴露接口等,开发起来更加方便,但是如果项目要求即时性很高那么就选择后者,当然他们两者也可以整合起来一起使用,本文重点介绍的是spring框架整合activemq实现点对点模式,关于activemq具体概念百度。
1:下载activemq中间件,地址:http://activemq.apache.org/
下载好压缩到本地,可以看到这个目录
从它的目录来说,还是很简单的:
- bin存放的是脚本文件
- conf存放的是基本配置文件
- data存放的是日志文件
- docs存放的是说明文档
- examples存放的是简单的实例
- lib存放的是activemq所需jar包
- webapps用于存放项目的目录
说明:
关于jms概念以及activemq这里不做具体赘述,activemq是apache的一款项目,介绍里号称是最方便最强大的jms实现方式。其实jms与webservice功能是一样的,侧重点不同而已。都是提供多系统之间的交互通信方式,前者相对于后者更加轻量级,可以实现延迟通信,避免系统高峰期交互通信,也不需要暴露接口等,开发起来更加方便,但是如果项目要求即时性很高那么就选择后者,当然他们两者也可以整合起来一起使用,本文重点介绍的是spring框架整合activemq实现点对点模式,关于activemq具体概念百度。
1:下载activemq中间件,地址:http://activemq.apache.org/
下载好压缩到本地,可以看到这个目录
从它的目录来说,还是很简单的:
- bin存放的是脚本文件
- conf存放的是基本配置文件
- data存放的是日志文件
- docs存放的是说明文档
- examples存放的是简单的实例
- lib存放的是activemq所需jar包
- webapps用于存放项目的目录
注意:activeMQ5.15以上版需要JDK1.8,否则将无法启动activeMQ。
一、配置部分
ActiveMQ的安装这就不说了,很简单,
这个例子采用maven构建,首先看一下pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.gzframe.demo</groupId> <artifactId>gzframe</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>gzframe Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <!-- 版本管理 --> <properties> <springframework>4.1.8.RELEASE</springframework> <javax.servlet>3.1.0</javax.servlet> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.10</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${javax.servlet}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${springframework}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${springframework}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${springframework}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springframework}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>${springframework}</version> </dependency> <!-- xbean 如<amq:connectionFactory /> --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.xbean</groupId> <artifactId>xbean-spring</artifactId> <version>3.16</version> </dependency> <!-- activemq --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId> <version>5.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-pool</artifactId> <version>5.12.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>gzframe</finalName> </build> </project>
接下来看一下web.xml,如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- 加载spring的配置文件,例如hibernate、jms等集成 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> classpath:spring-root.xml; classpath:activemq.xml; </param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc-dispatch.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 处理编码格式 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
其中spring-root.xml 很简单,负责加载一些spring的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.gzframe.demo.entity" /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> </beans>
spring-mvc-dispatch.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.gzframe.demo.mvc.controller" /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
activemq.xml是关键的配置,如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:amq="http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core" xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.1.xsd http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core/activemq-core-5.12.1.xsd" > <context:component-scan base-package="com.gzframe.demo.activemq" /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <amq:connectionFactory id="amqConnectionFactory" brokerURL="tcp://192.168.150.61:61616" userName="admin" password="admin" /> <!-- 配置JMS连接工长 --> <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory"> <constructor-arg ref="amqConnectionFactory" /> <property name="sessionCacheSize" value="100" /> </bean> <!-- 定义消息队列(Queue) --> <bean id="demoQueueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue"> <!-- 设置消息队列的名字 --> <constructor-arg> <value>gzframe.demo</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 配置JMS模板(Queue),Spring提供的JMS工具类,它发送、接收消息。 --> <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" /> <property name="defaultDestination" ref="demoQueueDestination" /> <property name="receiveTimeout" value="10000" /> <!-- true是topic,false是queue,默认是false,此处显示写出false --> <property name="pubSubDomain" value="false" /> </bean> </beans>
二、代码部分
消息生产者ProducerService.java,代码如下
package com.gzframe.demo.activemq.producer; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.Session; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; import org.springframework.jms.core.MessageCreator; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class ProducerService { @Resource(name="jmsTemplate") private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate; /** * 向指定队列发送消息 */ public void sendMessage(Destination destination, final String msg) { System.out.println("向队列" + destination.toString() + "发送了消息------------" + msg); jmsTemplate.send(destination, new MessageCreator() { public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException { return session.createTextMessage(msg); } }); } /** * 向默认队列发送消息 */ public void sendMessage(final String msg) { String destination = jmsTemplate.getDefaultDestination().toString(); System.out.println("向队列" +destination+ "发送了消息------------" + msg); jmsTemplate.send(new MessageCreator() { public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException { return session.createTextMessage(msg); } }); } }
消费者ConsumerService.java,代码如下
package com.gzframe.demo.activemq.consumer; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class ConsumerService { @Resource(name="jmsTemplate") private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate; /** * 接收消息 */ public TextMessage receive(Destination destination) { TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) jmsTemplate.receive(destination); try { System.out.println("从队列" + destination.toString() + "收到了消息:\t" + tm.getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return tm; } }
三、页面部分
1.首先写一个欢迎页,welcome.jsp如下,
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Welcome</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome!!!</h1> <h2><a href="producer">去发消息</a></h2> <h2><a href="receive">从队列中取一个消息</a></h2> </body> </html>
2.然后是生产者页面jms_producer.jsp,如下
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>JMS-Producer</title> </head> <body> <h1>JMS-Producer!!!</h1> <form action="onsend" method="post"> MessageText:<textarea name="message">${time }</textarea> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> <h2><a href="welcome">返回主页</a></h2> </body> </html>
3.接收者页面queue_receive.jsp,如下
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Receive</title> </head> <body> <h1>${textMessage }</h1> <h2><a href="welcome">返回主页</a></h2> </body> </html>
四、Controller控制器
1.首先controller到首页welcome页,WelcomeController.java如下:
package com.gzframe.demo.mvc.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class WelcomeController { @RequestMapping(value="/welcome",method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView welcome(){ System.out.println("------------welcome"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.setViewName("welcome"); return mv; } }
2.然后定义消息生产和消费的控制器,DemoController.java,代码如下
package com.gzframe.demo.mvc.controller; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.*; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.management.MBeanServerConnection; import javax.management.remote.JMXConnector; import javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory; import javax.management.remote.JMXServiceURL; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.gzframe.demo.activemq.consumer.ConsumerService; import com.gzframe.demo.activemq.producer.ProducerService; @Controller public class DemoController { //队列名gzframe.demo @Resource(name="demoQueueDestination") private Destination demoQueueDestination; //队列消息生产者 @Resource(name="producerService") private ProducerService producer; //队列消息消费者 @Resource(name="consumerService") private ConsumerService consumer; @RequestMapping(value="/producer",method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView producer(){ System.out.println("------------go producer"); Date now = new Date(); SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String time = dateFormat.format( now ); System.out.println(time); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("time", time); mv.setViewName("jms_producer"); return mv; } @RequestMapping(value="/onsend",method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView producer(@RequestParam("message") String message) { System.out.println("------------send to jms"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); producer.sendMessage(demoQueueDestination, message); mv.setViewName("welcome"); return mv; } @RequestMapping(value="/receive",method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView queue_receive() throws JMSException { System.out.println("------------receive message"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); TextMessage tm = consumer.receive(demoQueueDestination); mv.addObject("textMessage", tm.getText()); mv.setViewName("queue_receive"); return mv; } /* * ActiveMQ Manager Test */ @RequestMapping(value="/jms",method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView jmsManager() throws IOException { System.out.println("------------jms manager"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.setViewName("welcome"); JMXServiceURL url = new JMXServiceURL(""); JMXConnector connector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(url); connector.connect(); MBeanServerConnection connection = connector.getMBeanServerConnection(); return mv; } }
五、效果展示
首先访问欢迎页,如下
然后点“去发消息”,进入到如下页面,默认消息框一已经填写了时间,点击提交,会将时间“2015-12-25 11:51:25”提交到qctivemq服务器中,
提交完成后,根据页面代码,会转到欢迎页,在欢迎页中既可以点击“从队列中取一个消息”,效果如下
可以看到,取到的消息即为刚才提交的时间,demo成功!
经过以上操作后的后台输出如下
六、加入监听器
以上例子中,接收消息是靠手动点击接收,下面将配置一个消息监听器“QueueMessageListener.java”,负责自动监听qctiveMQ中的队列消息,
一旦有新消息后,将自动读取消费,妈妈再也不用担心漏掉消息啦!
1.首先写一个监听的类“QueueMessageListener.java”,必须实现“MessageListerner”接口,代码如下
2.写完监听类后,打开activemq.xml配置文件,需要将这个监听配置到文件中,这样,应用加载后,即会加载此监听。
将以下的配置段加入到activemq.xml中
3.测试
配置完成后,重新启动服务,去消息发送页提交消息,提交完毕后,监听检测到,将立即消费掉,并在后台打印出来
后台输出如下
七、总结
ActiveMQ结合Spring开发最佳实践和建议:
1:Camel框架支持大量的企业集成模式,可以大大简化集成组件间的大量服务和复杂的消息流。而Spring框架更注重简单性,仅仅支持基本的最佳实践。
2:Spring消息发送的核心架构是JmsTemplate,隔离了像打开、关闭Session和Producer的繁琐操作,因此应用开发人员仅仅需要关注实际的业务逻辑。但是
JmsTemplate损害了ActiveMQ的PooledConnectionFactory对session和消息producer的缓存机制而带来的性能提升。
3:新的Spring里面,可以设置org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory的sessionCacheSize,或者干脆使用ActiveMQ的PooledConnectionFactory
4:不建议使用JmsTemplate的receive()调用,因为在JmsTemplate上的所有调用都是同步的,这意味着调用线程需要被阻塞,直到方法返回,这对性能影响很大
5:请使用DefaultMessageListenerContainer,它允许异步接收消息并缓存session和消息consumer,而且还可以根据消息数量动态的增加或缩减监听器的数量