《深入理解Linux内核》第四章中断和异常（二）

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-03 08:00:42 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-03 08:00:42 发布

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分类专栏： linux内核文章标签：深入理解Linux内核 Linux中断处理 __do_irq

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yxw0609131056/article/details/109646167

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上次我们说到_ _do_irq()函数，那我们先看下它长什么样子

/*
 * do_IRQ handles all normal device IRQ's (the special
 * SMP cross-CPU interrupts have their own specific
 * handlers).
 */
fastcall unsigned int __do_IRQ(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	irq_desc_t *desc = irq_desc + irq;
	struct irqaction * action;
	unsigned int status;

	kstat_this_cpu.irqs[irq]++;
	if (desc->status & IRQ_PER_CPU) {
		irqreturn_t action_ret;

		/*
		 * No locking required for CPU-local interrupts:
		 */
		desc->handler->ack(irq);
		action_ret = handle_IRQ_event(irq, regs, desc->action);
		if (!noirqdebug)
			note_interrupt(irq, desc, action_ret);
		desc->handler->end(irq);
		return 1;
	}

	spin_lock(&desc->lock);
	desc->handler->ack(irq);
	/*
	 * REPLAY is when Linux resends an IRQ that was dropped earlier
	 * WAITING is used by probe to mark irqs that are being tested
	 */
	status = desc->status & ~(IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING);
	status |= IRQ_PENDING; /* we _want_ to handle it */

	/*
	 * If the IRQ is disabled for whatever reason, we cannot
	 * use the action we have.
	 */
	action = NULL;
	if (likely(!(status & (IRQ_DISABLED | IRQ_INPROGRESS)))) {
		action = desc->action;
		status &= ~IRQ_PENDING; /* we commit to handling */
		status |= IRQ_INPROGRESS; /* we are handling it */
	}
	desc->status = status;

	/*
	 * If there is no IRQ handler or it was disabled, exit early.
	 * Since we set PENDING, if another processor is handling
	 * a different instance of this same irq, the other processor
	 * will take care of it.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!action))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * Edge triggered interrupts need to remember
	 * pending events.
	 * This applies to any hw interrupts that allow a second
	 * instance of the same irq to arrive while we are in do_IRQ
	 * or in the handler. But the code here only handles the _second_
	 * instance of the irq, not the third or fourth. So it is mostly
	 * useful for irq hardware that does not mask cleanly in an
	 * SMP environment.
	 */
	for (;;) {
		irqreturn_t action_ret;

		spin_unlock(&desc->lock);

		action_ret = handle_IRQ_event(irq, regs, action);

		spin_lock(&desc->lock);
		if (!noirqdebug)
			note_interrupt(irq, desc, action_ret);
		if (likely(!(desc->status & IRQ_PENDING)))
			break;
		desc->status &= ~IRQ_PENDING;
	}
	desc->status &= ~IRQ_INPROGRESS;

out:
	/*
	 * The ->end() handler has to deal with interrupts which got
	 * disabled while the handler was running.
	 */
	desc->handler->end(irq);
	spin_unlock(&desc->lock);

	return 1;
}

第一感觉源代码好长，但是不用担心，其实做的事情很少，作者已帮我们简化代码实现

spin_lock(&(irq_desc[irq].lock));

irq_desc[irq].handler->ack(irq);

irq_desc[irq].status &= ~(IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING);
irq_desc[irq].status |= IRQ_PENDING;

if (!(irq_desc[irq].status & (IRQ_DISABLED | IRQ_INPROGRESS))
    && irq_desc[irq].action) {
    irq_desc[irq].status |= IRQ_INPROGRESS;
    do {
        irq_desc[irq].status &= ~IRQ_PENDING;
        spin_unlock(&(irq_desc[irq].lock));
        handle_IRQ_event(irq, regs, irq_desc[irq].action);
        spin_lock(&(irq_desc[irq].lock));
    } while (irq_desc[irq].status & IRQ_PENDING);
    irq_desc[irq].status &= ~IRQ_INPROGRESS;
}

irq_desc[irq].handler->end(irq);

spin_unlock(&(irq_desc[irq].lock));

从上面可以看出，除维护status之外，主要做的事情如下：

1）调用ack接口函数，设置中断控制器，对该中断线进行屏蔽

2）调用handle_IRQ_event（），继而调用ISR（中断服务例程）

3）调用end接口函数，设置中断控制器，使该中断重新enable

一、 ack接口函数

那ack接口函数是哪一个呢？一切还得从start_kernel说起

start_kernel()

init_IRQ()

pre_intr_init_hook()

init_ISA_irqs()

void __init init_ISA_irqs (void)
{
	int i;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
	init_bsp_APIC();
#endif
	init_8259A(0);

	for (i = 0; i < NR_IRQS; i++) {
		irq_desc[i].status = IRQ_DISABLED;
		irq_desc[i].action = NULL;
		irq_desc[i].depth = 1;

		if (i < 16) {
			/*
			 * 16 old-style INTA-cycle interrupts:
			 */
			irq_desc[i].handler = &i8259A_irq_type;
		} else {
			/*
			 * 'high' PCI IRQs filled in on demand
			 */
			irq_desc[i].handler = &no_irq_type;
		}
	}
}

那irq_desc又是从哪来的呢？

kernel/irq/handle.c

/*
 * Linux has a controller-independent interrupt architecture.
 * Every controller has a 'controller-template', that is used
 * by the main code to do the right thing. Each driver-visible
 * interrupt source is transparently wired to the apropriate
 * controller. Thus drivers need not be aware of the
 * interrupt-controller.
 *
 * The code is designed to be easily extended with new/different
 * interrupt controllers, without having to do assembly magic or
 * having to touch the generic code.
 *
 * Controller mappings for all interrupt sources:
 */
irq_desc_t irq_desc[NR_IRQS] __cacheline_aligned = {
	[0 ... NR_IRQS-1] = {
		.handler = &no_irq_type,
		.lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
	}
};

从上面可以看出，刚开始desc->handler = no_irq_type，在init_ISA_irqs()会将其重设为i8259A_irq_type

static struct hw_interrupt_type i8259A_irq_type = {
	"XT-PIC",
	startup_8259A_irq,
	shutdown_8259A_irq,
	enable_8259A_irq,
	disable_8259A_irq,
	mask_and_ack_8259A,
	end_8259A_irq,
	NULL
};

所以desc->handler->ack = mask_and_ack_8259A

二、handle_IRQ_event（）

/*
 * Have got an event to handle:
 */
fastcall int handle_IRQ_event(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs,
				struct irqaction *action)
{
	int ret, retval = 0, status = 0;

	if (!(action->flags & SA_INTERRUPT))
		local_irq_enable();

	do {
		ret = action->handler(irq, action->dev_id, regs);
		if (ret == IRQ_HANDLED)
			status |= action->flags;
		retval |= ret;
		action = action->next;
	} while (action);

	if (status & SA_SAMPLE_RANDOM)
		add_interrupt_randomness(irq);
	local_irq_disable();

	return retval;
}

1、判断是否设置SA_INTERRUPT，如果没有设置，需要重新使能中断

2、循环调用action->handler，直至action为NULL，这里是我们分析的重点之重，让我们先回忆一下下图

从上面看action->handler就是我们注册到系统中的ISR，下面以静态注册的timer中断为例说明ISR注册过程

start_kernel()

time_init()

time_init_hook()

static struct irqaction irq0  = { timer_interrupt, SA_INTERRUPT, CPU_MASK_NONE, "timer", NULL, NULL};

/**
 * time_init_hook - do any specific initialisations for the system timer.
 *
 * Description:
 *	Must plug the system timer interrupt source at HZ into the IRQ listed
 *	in irq_vectors.h:TIMER_IRQ
 **/
void __init time_init_hook(void)
{
	setup_irq(0, &irq0);
}

setup_irq()具体实现如下：

/*
 * Internal function to register an irqaction - typically used to
 * allocate special interrupts that are part of the architecture.
 */
int setup_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irqaction * new)
{
	struct irq_desc *desc = irq_desc + irq;
	struct irqaction *old, **p;
	unsigned long flags;
	int shared = 0;

	if (desc->handler == &no_irq_type)
		return -ENOSYS;
	/*
	 * Some drivers like serial.c use request_irq() heavily,
	 * so we have to be careful not to interfere with a
	 * running system.
	 */
	if (new->flags & SA_SAMPLE_RANDOM) {
		/*
		 * This function might sleep, we want to call it first,
		 * outside of the atomic block.
		 * Yes, this might clear the entropy pool if the wrong
		 * driver is attempted to be loaded, without actually
		 * installing a new handler, but is this really a problem,
		 * only the sysadmin is able to do this.
		 */
		rand_initialize_irq(irq);
	}

	/*
	 * The following block of code has to be executed atomically
	 */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&desc->lock,flags);
	p = &desc->action;
	if ((old = *p) != NULL) {
		/* Can't share interrupts unless both agree to */
		if (!(old->flags & new->flags & SA_SHIRQ)) {
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock,flags);
			return -EBUSY;
		}

		/* add new interrupt at end of irq queue */
		do {
			p = &old->next;
			old = *p;
		} while (old);
		shared = 1;
	}

	*p = new;

	if (!shared) {
		desc->depth = 0;
		desc->status &= ~(IRQ_DISABLED | IRQ_AUTODETECT |
				  IRQ_WAITING | IRQ_INPROGRESS);
		if (desc->handler->startup)
			desc->handler->startup(irq);
		else
			desc->handler->enable(irq);
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock,flags);

	new->irq = irq;
	register_irq_proc(irq);
	new->dir = NULL;
	register_handler_proc(irq, new);

	return 0;
}

如果之前desc->action为NULL，即该中断还没有注册过中断服务程序ISR，则直接new赋值给desc->action即可，否则，说明该中断之前已经注册过中断服务程序ISR，且设置SA_SHIRQ标志，则将new添加到链表尾部，同时使能中断。

让我们再次回到action->handler，timer中断的对应handler即为timer_interrupt，这样就调用到了用户自己注册用来处理该中断的ISR。如果该中断是一个共享中断，则遍历链表，然后逐个调用对应的handler。

3、local_irq_disable()，这里显示关闭中断

三、end接口函数

从上面可知，desc->handler->end = end_8259A_irq

四、相关status说明

status	含义
IRQ_PENDING	需要处理的中断已产生，但尚未处理
IRQ_INPROGRESS	中断正在处理中
IRQ_DISABLED	中断禁止
IRQ_REPLAY	中断丢失后，为了挽救丢失中断，自产生中断
IRQ_WAITING	probe用来标记正在被测试的irq

五、SMP如何挽救丢失的中断

在SMP系统中，存在一种中断丢失情况：当一个中断已产生，并设置status中IRQ_PENDING位，但是这时其他CPU设置了status中IRQ_DISABLED位，那么该次中断会因为action = NULL而错过处理，造成中断丢失。

为了解决这个问题，在enable_irq()中会判断是否有丢失中断，如果有，则强制本地的APIC产生self-interrupt，来挽救丢失的中断

        unsigned int status = desc->status & ~IRQ_DISABLED;

		desc->status = status;
		if ((status & (IRQ_PENDING | IRQ_REPLAY)) == IRQ_PENDING) {
			desc->status = status | IRQ_REPLAY;
			hw_resend_irq(desc->handler,irq);
		}
		desc->handler->enable(irq);
		/* fall-through */

注意，send_IPI_self含义是“Sends an IPI to the sender CPU”

#if defined(CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC)
static inline void hw_resend_irq(struct hw_interrupt_type *h, unsigned int i)
{
	if (IO_APIC_IRQ(i))
		send_IPI_self(IO_APIC_VECTOR(i));
}
#else
static inline void hw_resend_irq(struct hw_interrupt_type *h, unsigned int i) {}
#endif

参考资料：《深入理解Linux内核》

《understanding the linux kernel》

Linux2.6.11源代码