网络套接字函数
最简单的socket的程序
sever
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define PORT 6666
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd,connfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i,n;
listenfd =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
listen(listenfd,20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1)
{
cliaddr_len =sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd=accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&cliaddr_len);
n=read(connfd,buf,MAXLINE);
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)buf[i] =toupper(buf[i]);
write(connfd,buf,n);
close(connfd);
}
return 0;
}
clint
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXTIME 80
#define PORT 6666
int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXTIME];
int sockfd,n;
char *str1,*str2;
if(argc !=3){
fputs("please use :./clint message serveraddr\n",stderr);
_exit(1);
}
str1=argv[1];
str2=argv[2];
sockfd =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&servaddr ,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family =AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, str2, &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port= htons(PORT);
connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
write(sockfd,str1,strlen(str1));
n=read(sockfd,buf,MAXTIME);
printf("Response from server:");
write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
高并发服务器
多进程并发服务器
使用多进程并发服务器时要考虑以下几点：
- 父进程最大文件描述个数(父进程中需要close关闭accept返回的新文件描述符)
- 系统内创建进程个数(与内存大小相关)
- 进程创建过多是否降低整体服务性能(进程调度)
server_v1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define PORT 6666
void do_sigchild(int num)
{
while(waitpid(0,NULL,WNOHANG));
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd,connfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i,n;
pid_t pid;
struct sigaction newact;
newact.sa_handler= do_sigchild;
sigemptyset(&newact.sa_mask);
newact.sa_flags=0;
sigaction(SIGCHLD,& newact,NULL);
listenfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family =AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
listen(listenfd,20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while(1){
cliaddr_len=sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd=accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&cliaddr_len);
//every time a clint come in ,I will fork a new pid
pid =fork();
if(pid==0)
{
close(listenfd);
while (1)
{
n=read(connfd,buf,MAXLINE);
if(n==0){
printf("the clint is still closed.\n");
break;
}
printf("received from %s at port %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
printf("%s\n",buf);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)buf[i] =toupper(buf[i]);
write(connfd,buf,n);
}
close(connfd);
return 0;
}else if(pid >0)close(connfd);
else _exit(1);
}
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}
clint_v1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define PORT 6666
int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd ,n;
char *str1;
if(argc !=2){
fputs("please use :./clint message serveraddr\n",stderr);
_exit(1);
}
str1=argv[1];
sockfd =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET,str1,&servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
while(fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin)!=NULL){
write(sockfd,buf,strlen(buf));
n=read(sockfd,buf,MAXLINE);
if(n==0)
{
printf("the other hide has been closed.\n");
break;
}else
{
write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
}
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
多线程并发服务器
在使用线程模型开发服务器时需考虑以下问题：
- 调整进程内最大文件描述符上限
- 线程如有共享数据，考虑线程同步
- 服务于客户端线程退出时，退出处理。（退出值，分离态）
- 系统负载，随着链接客户端增加，导致其它线程不能及时得到CPU
server_v2
/* server.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666
struct s_info {
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
int connfd;
};
void *do_work(void *arg)
{
int n,i;
struct s_info *ts = (struct s_info*)arg;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
/* 可以在创建线程前设置线程创建属性,设为分离态,哪种效率高内？ */
pthread_detach(pthread_self());
while (1) {
n = read(ts->connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0) {
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(*ts).cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs((*ts).cliaddr.sin_port));
printf("the message I receive :%s\n",buf);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
write(ts->connfd, buf, n);
}
close(ts->connfd);
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd, connfd;
int i = 0;
pthread_t tid;
struct s_info ts[256];
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
listen(listenfd, 20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1) {
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
ts[i].cliaddr = cliaddr;
ts[i].connfd = connfd;
/* 达到线程最大数时，pthread_create出错处理, 增加服务器稳定性 */
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, do_work, (void*)&ts[i]);
i++;
}
return 0;
}
clint_v2
/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd, n;
char* str;
if(argc !=2){
fputs("please use :./clint serveraddr\n",stderr);
_exit(1);
}
str=argv[1];
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, str, &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0)
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
else
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
socket文件互传
sever_v3
#include <netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in
#include <sys/types.h> // socket
#include <sys/socket.h> // socket
#include <stdio.h> // printf
#include <stdlib.h> // exit
#include <string.h> // bzero
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 8000
#define LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE 20
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 512
int main(void)
{
// 声明并初始化一个服务器端的socket地址结构
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
// 创建socket，若成功，返回socket描述符
int server_socket_fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_socket_fd < 0)
{
perror("Create Socket Failed:");
exit(1);
}
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(server_socket_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
// 绑定socket和socket地址结构
if(-1 == (bind(server_socket_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr))))
{
perror("Server Bind Failed:");
exit(1);
}
// socket监听
if(-1 == (listen(server_socket_fd, LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE)))
{
perror("Server Listen Failed:");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
// 定义客户端的socket地址结构
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t client_addr_length = sizeof(client_addr);
// 接受连接请求，返回一个新的socket(描述符)，这个新socket用于同连接的客户端通信
// accept函数会把连接到的客户端信息写到client_addr中
int new_server_socket_fd = accept(server_socket_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_length);
if(new_server_socket_fd < 0)
{
perror("Server Accept Failed:");
break;
}
// recv函数接收数据到缓冲区buffer中
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
if(recv(new_server_socket_fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0) < 0)
{
perror("Server Recieve Data Failed:");
break;
}
// 然后从buffer(缓冲区)拷贝到file_name中
char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1];
bzero(file_name, FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1);
strncpy(file_name, buffer, strlen(buffer)>FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE?FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE:strlen(buffer));
printf("%s\n", file_name);
// 打开文件并读取文件数据
FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "r");
if(NULL == fp)
{
printf("File:%s Not Found\n", file_name);
}
else
{
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
int length = 0;
// 每读取一段数据，便将其发送给客户端，循环直到文件读完为止
while((length = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), BUFFER_SIZE, fp)) > 0)
{
if(send(new_server_socket_fd, buffer, length, 0) < 0)
{
printf("Send File:%s Failed./n", file_name);
break;
}
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
// 关闭文件
fclose(fp);
printf("File:%s Transfer Successful!\n", file_name);
}
// 关闭与客户端的连接
close(new_server_socket_fd);
}
// 关闭监听用的socket
close(server_socket_fd);
return 0;
}
clint_v3
#include <netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in
#include <sys/types.h> // socket
#include <sys/socket.h> // socket
#include <stdio.h> // printf
#include <stdlib.h> // exit
#include <string.h> // bzero
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#define SERVER_PORT 8000
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 512
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// 声明并初始化一个客户端的socket地址结构
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
bzero(&client_addr, sizeof(client_addr));
client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
client_addr.sin_port = htons(0);
char* str;
if(argc !=2){
fputs("please use :./clint serveraddr\n",stderr);
exit(1);
}
str=argv[1];
// 创建socket，若成功，返回socket描述符
int client_socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(client_socket_fd < 0)
{
perror("Create Socket Failed:");
exit(1);
}
// 绑定客户端的socket和客户端的socket地址结构 非必需
if(-1 == (bind(client_socket_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, sizeof(client_addr))))
{
perror("Client Bind Failed:");
exit(1);
}
// 声明一个服务器端的socket地址结构，并用服务器那边的IP地址及端口对其进行初始化，用于后面的连接
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if(inet_pton(AF_INET, str, &server_addr.sin_addr) == 0)
{
perror("Server IP Address Error:");
exit(1);
}
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
socklen_t server_addr_length = sizeof(server_addr);
// 向服务器发起连接，连接成功后client_socket_fd代表了客户端和服务器的一个socket连接
if(connect(client_socket_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, server_addr_length) < 0)
{
perror("Can Not Connect To Server IP:");
exit(0);
}
// 输入文件名 并放到缓冲区buffer中等待发送
char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1];
bzero(file_name, FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1);
printf("Please Input File Name On Server:\t");
scanf("%s", file_name);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
strncpy(buffer, file_name, strlen(file_name)>BUFFER_SIZE?BUFFER_SIZE:strlen(file_name));
// 向服务器发送buffer中的数据
if(send(client_socket_fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0) < 0)
{
perror("Send File Name Failed:");
exit(1);
}
// 打开文件，准备写入
FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "w");
if(NULL == fp)
{
printf("File:\t%s Can Not Open To Write\n", file_name);
exit(1);
}
// 从服务器接收数据到buffer中
// 每接收一段数据，便将其写入文件中，循环直到文件接收完并写完为止
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
int length = 0;
while((length = recv(client_socket_fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0)) > 0)
{
if(fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), length, fp) < length)
{
printf("File:\t%s Write Failed\n", file_name);
break;
}
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
// 接收成功后，关闭文件，关闭socket
printf("Receive File:\t%s From Server IP Successful!\n", file_name);
fclose(fp);
close(client_socket_fd);
return 0;
}
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