本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yy8623977/article/details/131799934

1. 自动配置原理

SpringBoot默认嵌入Tomcat作为Servlet容器
自动配置类是ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration、EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration
从自动配置类开始分析功能。如xxxxAutoConfiguration

先分析ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration自动配置类：

......省略部分......
@AutoConfiguration(
    after = {SslAutoConfiguration.class}
)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Integer.MIN_VALUE)
@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRequest.class})  
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
@Import({BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class})
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
......省略部分......
}

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration自动配置了嵌入式容器场景
绑定了ServerProperties配置类，所有和服务器有关的配置都是server开头，和tomcat有关的配置都是server.tomcat开头
ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了嵌入式的三大服务器 Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow
1.导入Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow都有条件注解。系统中有这个类才行，也就是导了这个包
2.默认 Tomcat配置生效。给容器中放了TomcatServletWebServerFactory，这是一个 web服务器工厂，造web服务器的

......省略部分......
    @Configuration(
        proxyBeanMethods = false
    )
    @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class})
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(
        value = {ServletWebServerFactory.class},
        search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT
    )
    static class EmbeddedTomcat {
        EmbeddedTomcat() {
        }

        @Bean
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(ObjectProvider<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> connectorCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatContextCustomizer> contextCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?>> protocolHandlerCustomizers) {
        ......省略部分......
        }
    ......省略部分......
    }
......省略部分......

3.web服务器工厂都有一个功能，getWebServer获取web服务器
4.TomcatServletWebServerFactory创建了tomcat

......省略部分......
public class TomcatServletWebServerFactory extends AbstractServletWebServerFactory implements ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory, ResourceLoaderAware {
    ......省略部分......
    public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        ......省略部分......
       Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        ......省略部分......
    }
......省略部分......
}

ServletWebServerApplicationContextioc容器，启动的时候createWebServer方法会调用TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer创建web服务器
Spring容器刷新(启动)的时候，执行经典的十二大步，会预留一个时机，调用onRefresh()刷新子容器

......省略部分......
public class ServletWebServerApplicationContext extends GenericWebApplicationContext
		implements ConfigurableWebServerApplicationContext {
    ......省略部分......
	@Override
	protected void onRefresh() {
		super.onRefresh();
		try {
			createWebServer();
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
		}
	}
	......省略部分......
}

经典的十二大步调用

......省略部分......
public abstract class AbstractApplicationContext extends DefaultResourceLoader
		implements ConfigurableApplicationContext {
    ......省略部分......
	@Override
	public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            ......省略部分......
			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				StartupStep beanPostProcess = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.beans.post-process");
				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
				beanPostProcess.end();

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}
			......省略部分......
	}
	......省略部分......
}

总结：Web场景的Spring容器启动，在onRefresh的时候，会调用创建web服务器的方法。Web服务器的创建是通过WebServerFactory搞定的。容器中又会根据导人员的包进行条件注解，启动相关的服务器配置，默认EmbeddedTomcat会给容器中放一个TomcatServletWebServerFactory，进行项目启动，自动创建出Tomcat

2. 自定义嵌入式容器

切换嵌入式服务器。如下所示：

    <properties>
        <!-- springboot3使用jakarta-servlet 6，但是jetty使用jakarta-servlet 5- -->
        <jakarta-servlet.version>5.0.0</jakarta-servlet.version>
    </properties>
  
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>