JDBC(java连接数据库)

一、第一个JDBC程序

1.创建一个普通项目

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2.导入数据库驱动
  1. 在项目下创建lib目录
  2. 导入mysql驱动的jar包
  3. 右键lib目录,将该jar包导入项目中
  4. 点击ok即可

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

3.编写测试代码

数据库的代码:

CREATE DATABASE `jdbcStudy` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

USE `jdbcStudy`;

CREATE TABLE `users`(
 `id` INT PRIMARY KEY,
 `NAME` VARCHAR(40),
 `PASSWORD` VARCHAR(40),
 `email` VARCHAR(60),
 birthday DATE
);

 INSERT INTO `users`(`id`,`NAME`,`PASSWORD`,`email`,`birthday`)
VALUES(1,'zhangsan','123456','zs@sina.com','1980-12-04'),
(2,'lisi','123456','lisi@sina.com','1981-12-04'),
(3,'wangwu','123456','wangwu@sina.com','1979-12-04')

java代码:

package com.yang;

import java.sql.*;

public class JDBC01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        // 1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

        // 2.url和用户信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "root";

        // 3.创建数据库对象
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

        // 4.执行sql的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

        // 5.sql语句
        String sql = "select * from users";

        // 查询返回的结果集,里面包含所有的查询信息
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        while(resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println("id=" + resultSet.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("name=" + resultSet.getObject("name"));
            System.out.println("password=" + resultSet.getObject("password"));
            System.out.println("email=" + resultSet.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("birthday=" + resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
            System.out.println("=======================");
        }

        // 6.释放资源
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

二、封装工具类

1.src目录下创建.properties配置文件
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true
username=root
password=root
2、创建工具类
package com.yang.utils;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtil {

    private static String driver = null;
    private static String url = null;
    private static String username = null;
    private static String password = null;

    // 释放资源
    public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        if (resultSet != null){
            try {
                resultSet.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (statement != null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (connection != null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }


    // 获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
    }

    // 加载mysql驱动
    static {
        try {
            InputStream is = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(is);

            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            username = properties.getProperty("username");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");

            Class.forName(driver);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}
3、测试
package com.yang;

import com.yang.utils.JDBCUtil;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class JDBC02 {

    private Connection connection = null;
    private Statement statement = null;
    private ResultSet resultSet = null;

    @Test
    public void query(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql = "select * from users where id = 1";
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            while (resultSet.next()){
                System.out.println(resultSet.getObject("name"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void update() {
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql = "update users set name = 'tom',email='tom@qq.com' where id = 1";
            int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "修改成功" : "修改失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void delete() {
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql = "delete from users where id = 4";
            int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "删除成功" : "删除失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void insert() {
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql = "insert into users values (4,'jack','123456','jack@qq.com','2024-7-24')";
            int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "添加成功" : "添加失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
    }

}

三、防止SQL注入

PreparedStatement对象
package com.yang;

import com.yang.utils.JDBCUtil;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;

public class JDBC03 {

    private Connection connection;
    private PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
    private ResultSet resultSet;

    @Test
    public void query(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            String sql= "select `name`,`password` from users where id = ?";
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1,3);
            resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            while (resultSet.next()){
                System.out.println(resultSet.getObject("name"));
                System.out.println(resultSet.getObject("password"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,preparedStatement,resultSet);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void update(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "update users set `name` = ?,`email`= ? where `id` = ?";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 预编译
            preparedStatement.setString(1,"milan");
            preparedStatement.setString(2,"milan@qq.com");
            preparedStatement.setInt(3,1);

            int rows = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();// 执行sql
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "修改成功":"修改失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,preparedStatement,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void delete(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "delete from users where id = ?";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 预编译
            preparedStatement.setInt(1,5);

            int rows = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();// 执行sql
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "删除成功":"删除失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,preparedStatement,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void insert(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "insert into users values (?,?,?,?,?)";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 预编译
            preparedStatement.setInt(1,5);
            preparedStatement.setString(2,"smith");
            preparedStatement.setString(3,"123456");
            preparedStatement.setString(4,"smith@qq.com");
            preparedStatement.setDate(5, new java.sql.Date(new Date().getTime()));

            int rows = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();// 执行sql
            System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "添加成功":"添加失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,preparedStatement,null);
        }
    }
}

四、JDBC实现事务

mysql代码:

CREATE TABLE account(
    id Int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(40),
    money FLOAT
);

/*插入测试数据*/
insert into account(name,money) values('A',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('B',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('B',1000);

java代码:

package com.yang;

import com.yang.utils.JDBCUtil;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class JDBC04 {

    private Connection connection;
    private PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
    private ResultSet resultSet;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            connection.setAutoCommit(false); // 关闭自动提交,开启事务

            String sql01 = "update account set `money`=`money`-100 where id = ?";
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql01);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1,1);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

            // int b = 1 / 0;

            String sql02 = "update account set `money`=`money`+100 where id = ?";
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql02);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1,2);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

            connection.commit(); // 提交事务
            System.out.println("转账成功!");

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            try {
                // 出现错误后回滚
                connection.rollback(); // jdbc开启事务后默认出现错误会回滚,可以省略
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(connection,preparedStatement,resultSet);
        }
    }
}

注意:

  1. 开启事务 setAutoCommit(false)
  2. 一组业务执行完毕,提交事务
  3. JDBC实现事务会默认实现事务的回滚功能,也可以显示的定义回滚的语句
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