JSON在前后端数据转换

介绍：JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，是一种特殊的字符串，方便前后端数据交互

一、JSON在JS中的使用

/**
 * js中使用JSON
 *      1 JSON格式是一中特殊格式的字符串，保存数据是key:value的形式
 *      2 key必须使用引号包裹
 *      2 value可以是普通数据类型（字符串，数字等），也可以是对象或者数组
 */
var jsonStr = '{"name":"张三","age":20,"cat":{"name":"梅里猫"},"hobby":["唱","跳"],"friend":[{"name":"李四","age":30},{"name":"王五","age":40}]}'
console.log(jsonStr);

// js中将JSON转为一个对象
var obj = JSON.parse(jsonStr)
console.log(obj);

// js中将一个对象转为JSON格式
var jsonStr02 = JSON.stringify(obj)
console.log(jsonStr02);

控制台：

二、JSON在JAVA中的使用

创建maven项目导入依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.13.4.2</version>
</dependency>

Person类：

package com.yang;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Dog dog;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age, Dog dog) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

Dog类：

package com.yang;

public class Dog {

    private String name;

    public Dog() {
    }

    public Dog(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试类：

package com.yang;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class TestJSON {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
        // JSON在java中的使用

        Person obj = new Person("jack", 20, new Dog("小狗"));
        // 将对象转为JSON
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        System.out.println(jsonStr);

        // 将JSON转为对象
        // java中"需要转义
        String jsonStr02 = "{\"name\":\"jack\",\"age\":20,\"dog\":{\"name\":\"小狗\"}}";
        Person person = objectMapper.readValue(jsonStr02, Person.class);
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

控制台：

{"name":"jack","age":20,"dog":{"name":"小狗"}}
Person{name='jack', age=20, dog=Dog{name='小狗'}}

结论：java对象转为JSON格式是对象的形式（{}的形式）

三、JSON和Map集合的关系

package com.yang;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class TestMap {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
        HashMap map = new HashMap();
        map.put("key1","value1");
        map.put("key2",2);
        map.put("key3",new Dog("小黑"));

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
        System.out.println(json);
    }
}

控制台：

{"key1":"value1","key2":2,"key3":{"name":"小黑"}}

结论：Map集合转为JSON格式和对象转为JSOIN的格式一致（{}的形式）

四、JSON和List集合以及数组的关系

package com.yang;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TestListAndArr {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
        ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
        list.add("jack");
        list.add(2);
        list.add(new Dog("小黄"));
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(list);
        System.out.println(json);
        String[] data = {"张三","李四","王五"};
        String json02 = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(data);
        System.out.println(json02);
    }
}

控制台：

["jack",2,{"name":"小黄"}]
["张三","李四","王五"]

结论：List集合和数组类型转为JSON格式是数组的形式（[]的形式）