EFCore小案例

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-10 21:23:01 发布

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文通过一个小型案例介绍了如何使用EFCore在多层架构中搭建数据访问层，涉及模型创建、程序包管理、数据库上下文、UI层配置、服务与中间件的依赖注入以及公共类和页面实体类的设定。

1.首先搭建七个项目，各个项目代表层如下：

QinYue.MarKet.Components	//组件层
QinYue.MarKet.Infrastructure	//基础设施
QinYue.MarKet.Model	//实体类
QinYue.MarKet.Repository	//数据访问
QinYue.MarKet.Service	//业务层
QinYue.MarKet.ViewModel	//页面实体类
QinYue.MarKet.Web		//UI层

2.在QinYue.MarKet.Model建一个类：

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace QinYue.Market.Model
{
    public class AdminInfo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 管理员Id
        /// </summary>
        [Key]
        public int AdminId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 真实姓名
        /// </summary>
        [MaxLength(50)]
        public string RealName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 登录名
        /// </summary>
        public string LoginName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 登录密码
        /// </summary>
        public string LoginPwd { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 性别
        /// </summary>
        public short Sex { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 手机号
        /// </summary>
        public Int64 Telphone { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 邮箱
        /// </summary>
        public string Email { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 角色Id
        /// </summary>
        public int RoleId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 备注
        /// </summary>
        public string Remark { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int Age { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建时间
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 最后一次登录时间
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime LastLoginTime { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 登录时间
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime LoginTime { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 修改时间
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime UpdateTime { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// QQ
        /// </summary>
        public string QQ { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 状态1：启用 0：禁用
        /// </summary>
        public short Status { get; set; }
    }
}

3.添加三个程序包：

步骤：点击视图-其他窗口-程序包管理器控制台

1.Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -version 2.1.1

2.Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools -version 2.1.1

3.Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Design

4.数据访问层

添加一个基类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Dynamic;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Text;

namespace QinYue.Market.Repository
{
     public abstract class RepositoryBase<T> : IRepository<T> where T : class
    {
        //定义数据访问上下文对象
        protected readonly SyDbContext _dbContext;

        /// <summary>
        /// 通过构造函数注入得到数据上下文对象实例
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dbContext"></param>
        public RepositoryBase(SyDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext;
        }

        #region 同步

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断记录是否存在
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool IsExist(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
            return _dbContext.Set<T>().Any(predicate);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 新增实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Add(T entity, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.Set<T>().Add(entity);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量添加
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entities">实体列表</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool AddRange(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.Set<T>().AddRange(entities);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        public bool Update(T entity, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.Update(entity);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实体部分属性
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <param name="updatedProperties">要更新的字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Update(T entity, bool autoSave = true, params Expression<Func<T, object>>[] updatedProperties)
        {
            int row = 0;
            //告诉EF Core开始跟踪实体的更改，
            //因为调用DbContext.Attach方法后，EF Core会将实体的State值
            //更改回EntityState.Unchanged，
            _dbContext.Attach(entity);
            if (updatedProperties.Any())
            {
                foreach (var property in updatedProperties)
                {
                    //告诉EF Core实体的属性已经更改。将属性的IsModified设置为true后，
                    //也会将实体的State值更改为EntityState.Modified，
                    //这样就保证了下面SaveChanges的时候会将实体的属性值Update到数据库中。
                    _dbContext.Entry(entity).Property(property).IsModified = true;
                }
            }

            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实体部分属性,泛型方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <param name="updatedProperties">要更新的字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Update<Entity>(Entity entity, bool autoSave = true, params Expression<Func<Entity, object>>[] updatedProperties) where Entity : class
        {
            int row = 0;
            //告诉EF Core开始跟踪实体的更改，
            //因为调用DbContext.Attach方法后，EF Core会将实体的State值
            //更改回EntityState.Unchanged，
            _dbContext.Attach(entity);
            if (updatedProperties.Any())
            {
                foreach (var property in updatedProperties)
                {
                    //告诉EF Core实体的属性已经更改。将属性的IsModified设置为true后，
                    //也会将实体的State值更改为EntityState.Modified，
                    //这样就保证了下面SaveChanges的时候会将实体的属性值Update到数据库中。
                    _dbContext.Entry(entity).Property(property).IsModified = true;
                }
            }

            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量更新实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entities">实体列表</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        public bool UpdateRange(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.UpdateRange(entities);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取单个实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public T GetModel(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
            return _dbContext.Set<T>().FirstOrDefault(predicate);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">要删除的实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        public bool Delete(T entity, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.Set<T>().Remove(entity);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="T">对象集合</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities)
        {
            _dbContext.Set<T>().RemoveRange(entities);
            int row = _dbContext.SaveChanges();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="T">对象集合</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true)
        {
            int row = 0;
            _dbContext.Set<T>().RemoveRange(entities);
            if (autoSave)
                row = Save();
            return (row > 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取实体集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IQueryable<T> GetList()
        {
            return _dbContext.Set<T>().AsQueryable();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取单个实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IQueryable<T> GetList(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate)
        {
            return _dbContext.Set<T>().Where(predicate);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取实体集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="top">前几条</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="ordering">排序</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IQueryable<T> GetList(int top, string predicate, string ordering, params object[] args)
        {
            var result = _dbContext.Set<T>().AsQueryable();

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(predicate))
                result = result.Where(predicate, args);

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ordering))
                result = result.OrderBy(ordering);

            if (top > 0)
            {
                result = result.Take(top);
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 分页查询,返回实体对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pageIndex">当前页</param>
        /// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件</param>
        /// <param name="ordering">排序</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual IQueryable<T> GetPagedList(int pageIndex, int pageSize, string predicate, string ordering, params object[] args)
        {
            var result = (from p in _dbContext.Set<T>()
                          select p).AsQueryable();

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(predicate))
                result = result.Where(predicate, args);

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ordering))
                result = result.OrderBy(ordering);

            return result.Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取记录总数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual int GetRecordCount(string predicate, params object[] args)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(predicate))
            {
                return _dbContext.Set<T>().Count();
            }
            else
            {
                return _dbContext.Set<T>().Where(predicate, args).Count();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 事务性保存
        /// </summary>
        public int Save()
        {
            int result = _dbContext.SaveChanges();
            return result;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

添加基类接口

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Text;

namespace QinYue.Market.Repository
{

    /// <summary>
    /// 定义泛型仓储接口
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TEntity">实体类型</typeparam>
    public interface IRepository<T> where T : class
    {
        #region 同步

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断记录是否存在
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool IsExist(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate);

        /// <summary>
        /// 新增实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool Add(T entity, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量添加
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entities">实体列表</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool AddRange(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        bool Update(T entity, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新部分属性
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <param name="updatedProperties">要更新的字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool Update(T entity, bool autoSave = true, params Expression<Func<T, object>>[] updatedProperties);

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实体部分属性,泛型方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <param name="updatedProperties">要更新的字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool Update<Entity>(Entity entity, bool autoSave = true, params Expression<Func<Entity, object>>[] updatedProperties) where Entity : class;

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量更新实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entities">实体列表</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        bool UpdateRange(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">要删除的实体</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        bool Delete(T entity, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="T">对象集合</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities);

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="T">对象集合</param>
        /// <param name="autoSave">是否立即执行保存</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool autoSave = true);

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取实体集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        IQueryable<T> GetList();

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取实体集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="top">前几条</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="ordering">排序</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        IQueryable<T> GetList(int top, string predicate, string ordering, params object[] args);

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取实体集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        IQueryable<T> GetList(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicat);

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据lambda表达式条件获取单个实体
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">lambda表达式条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        T GetModel(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate);

        /// <summary>
        /// 分页查询
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pageIndex">当前页</param>
        /// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件</param>
        /// <param name="ordering">排序</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        IQueryable<T> GetPagedList(int pageIndex, int pageSize, string predicate, string ordering, params object[] args);

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取记录总数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="args">条件参数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        int GetRecordCount(string predicate, params object[] args);

        /// <summary>
        /// 保存
        /// </summary>
        int Save();
        #endregion
    }
}

数据连接上下文类

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using QinYue.Market.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace QinYue.Market.Repository
{
    public class SyDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<AdminInfo> AdminInfo { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="options"></param>
        public SyDbContext(DbContextOptions<SyDbContext> options) : base(options)
        {

        }

    }
}

5.ui层

Ui层的appsettings.json中去配置数据库连接字符串

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "ConnectionString": "server=LAPTOP-QN72169O;database=Market;uid=sa;pwd=12345;"
  },
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

修改UI层的Program.cs中的CreateWebHostBuilder方法

public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args)
        {
            //获取配置
            var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(Environment.CurrentDirectory)
                .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")//读取配置文件，获取启动的端口号
                .Build();
            //返回
            return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseConfiguration(configuration)
                .UseStartup<Startup>();
        }

在Ui层的Startup.cs的添加SyDbContext注入

//依赖注入，取得DbContext实例 使用DbContext池，提高性能 数据库上下文注入
            services.AddDbContextPool<SyDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("ConnectionString")));

6.服务与中间件

1>在业务逻辑层中添加类与接口

2>在组件层中去依赖注入

public static class DataServiceExtension
    {
        /// <summary>
     /// 注入数据
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="services"></param>
        public static IServiceCollection AddDataService(this IServiceCollection services)
        {
            #region 依赖注入
            services.AddScoped<IUserInfoService, UserInfoService>();
            #endregion
            return services;
        }
    }

3>在Ui层的Startup.cs 中去注入

//数据服务注入
            services.AddDataService();

6.公共类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace QinYue.Market.Infrastructun
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 枚举扩展属性
    /// </summary>
    public static class EnumExtension
    {
        private static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> enumCache;

        private static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> EnumCache
        {
            get
            {
                if (enumCache == null)
                {
                    enumCache = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>();
                }
                return enumCache;
            }
            set { enumCache = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获得枚举提示文本
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="en"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetEnumText(this Enum en)
        {
            string enString = string.Empty;
            if (null == en) return enString;
            var type = en.GetType();
            enString = en.ToString();
            if (!EnumCache.ContainsKey(type.FullName))
            {
                var fields = type.GetFields();
                Dictionary<string, string> temp = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                foreach (var item in fields)
                {
                    var attrs = item.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TextAttribute), false);
                    if (attrs.Length == 1)
                    {
                        var v = ((TextAttribute)attrs[0]).Value;
                        temp.Add(item.Name, v);
                    }
                }
                EnumCache.Add(type.FullName, temp);
            }
            if (EnumCache[type.FullName].ContainsKey(enString))
            {
                return EnumCache[type.FullName][enString];
            }
            return enString;
        }
    }

    public class TextAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public TextAttribute(string value)
        {
            Value = value;
        }

        public string Value { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace QinYue.Market.Infrastructun
{
  public  class MD5Encrypt
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Encrypt(string source)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(source)) return string.Empty;
            HashAlgorithm provider = CryptoConfig.CreateFromName("MD5") as HashAlgorithm;
            byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(source);//这里需要区别编码的
            byte[] hashValue = provider.ComputeHash(bytes);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
            {
                sb.Append(hashValue[i].ToString("x2"));
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }
    }
}

7.页面实体类

using QinYue.Market.Infrastructun;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace QInYue.Market.ViewModel
{
    public enum ResponseEnum
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 请求(或处理)成功
        /// </summary>
        [Text("请求(或处理)成功")]
        Status = 200, //请求(或处理)成功

        /// <summary>
        /// 内部请求出错
        /// </summary>
        [Text("内部请求出错")]
        Error = 500, //内部请求出错

        /// <summary>
        /// 未授权标识
        /// </summary>
        [Text("未授权标识")]
        Unauthorized = 401,//未授权标识

        /// <summary>
        /// 请求参数不完整或不正确
        /// </summary>
        [Text("请求参数不完整或不正确")]
        ParameterError = 400,//请求参数不完整或不正确

        /// <summary>
        /// 请求TOKEN失效
        /// </summary>
        [Text("请求TOKEN失效")]
        TokenInvalid = 403,//请求TOKEN失效

        /// <summary>
        /// HTTP请求类型不合法
        /// </summary>
        [Text("HTTP请求类型不合法")]
        HttpMehtodError = 405,//HTTP请求类型不合法

        /// <summary>
        /// HTTP请求不合法,请求参数可能被篡改
        /// </summary>
        [Text("HTTP请求不合法,请求参数可能被篡改")]
        HttpRequestError = 406,//HTTP请求不合法

        /// <summary>
        /// 该URL已经失效
        /// </summary>
        [Text("该URL已经失效")]
        URLExpireError = 407,//HTTP请求不合法
    }
}

using System;
namespace QInYue.Market.ViewModel
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 请求返回统一格式
    /// </summary>
    public class ResponseResult
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public ResponseResult()
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="success">是否成功</param>
        /// <param name="code">状态码</param>
        /// <param name="list">数据</param>
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录数</param>
        public ResponseResult(bool success, string msg, int code, dynamic list, int recordCount)
        {
            this.success = success;
            this.msg = msg;
            this.code = code;
            this.data = list;
            this.count = recordCount;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数，成功返回列表
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">数据</param>
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录数</param>
        public ResponseResult(dynamic list, int recordCount)
        {
            this.success = true;
            this.data = list;
            this.count = recordCount;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数，操作是否成功
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">数据</param>
        /// <param name="code">状态码</param>
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录数</param>
        public ResponseResult(bool success, int code, string msg)
        {
            this.success = success;
            this.code = code;
            this.msg = msg;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数，操作是否成功
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">数据</param>
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录数</param>
        public ResponseResult(bool success, string msg)
        {
            this.success = success;
            if (success)
            {
                this.code = 200;
            }
            else
            {
                this.code = 500;
            }
            this.msg = msg;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否成功
        /// </summary>
        public bool success { get; set; } = true;
        /// <summary>
        /// 状态码
        /// </summary>
        public int code { set; get; } = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// 总记录数
        /// </summary>
        public int count { set; get; } = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// 数据
        /// </summary>
        public dynamic data { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 返回信息
        /// </summary>
        public string msg { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 序列化为字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this);
           
        }
    }
}