网络编程
1.1概述
地球村
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络系统就是利用通信设备和线路将地理位置不同、功能独立的多个计算机系统互联起来,以功能完善的网络软件实现网络中资源共享和信息传递的系统。通过计算机的互联,实现计算机之间的通信,从而实现计算机系统之间的信息、软件和设备资源的共享以及协同工作等功能,其本质特征在于提供计算机之间的各类资源的高度共享,实现便捷地交流信息和交换思想。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台------>传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到什么效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机:192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输呢?
javaweb: 网页编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信写协议 UDP,TCP
3.万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
-
IPV4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成,0-255, 42亿; 30亿都再北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽了
-
IPV6 : 128位,9个无符号整数
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312
-
-
公网(互联网)–私网(局域网)
-
ABCD类地址
-
192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用
-
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP: www.vip.com
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = Inet4Address.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = Inet4Address.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = Inet4Address.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网络地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = Inet4Address.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP: 65535*2 TCP: 80 ,UDP: 80, 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
共有端口 0~1023
- HTTP: 80
- HTTPS: 443
- FTP : 21
- Telent: 23
-
程序注册端口: 1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat 8080
- MySQL: 3306
- Oracle: 1521
-
动态,私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #cmd查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900"#查看指定的窗口 tasklist|findstr "8696"#查看指定窗口进程
-
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们说的是普通话
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制、、、、
**问题:**非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
- TCP: 用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP udp对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
- 三次握手 四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连续!
A:你愁啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发送给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TCPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
//1.要知道服务器地址
try {
//1.要知道服务器地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIp = Inet4Address.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口
2.等待用于的连接accept
3.接收用户的消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.util.ByteOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPSeverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ByteOutputStream baos = null;
InputStream is = null;
Socket socket = null;
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
try {
//1.我得有个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
baos.close();
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端接受完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("yasuo.jpg");
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接受完毕才能断开
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read())!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S : JAVA后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7、UDP
发送消息
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建立包
String msg = "你好服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的起始,长度,发送给谁,端口
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReciverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//断开连接
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两人都可以是接收和发送
TalkSend类
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive类
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private int port;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkTeacher类
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
TalkStudent类
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
1.8URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.xx.xxx
协议://ip地址:端口/项目/资源
UrlDemo
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yyyyy&pas=lyy");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
System.out.println(url.getHost());
System.out.println(url.getPort());
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
UrlDown
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yyyyy&pas=lyy");
//2.连接这个资源
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Security.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
总结:
TCP:
发送:
1.创建InetAddress
2.创建socket
3.socket.getOutputStream()
os.write()
4.关闭
接收:
1.得有个服务器地址
new serverSocket
2.等待客户端连接
socket.getInputStream()
3.需要一个管道流转换
例如:new ByteOutputStream();
4.关闭
UDP:
发送:
1.建立socket
new DatagramSocket()
2.建立包
new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes,0,msg.getBytes.length,localhost,port)
3.发送
socket.send(packet)
4.关闭
接收:
1.开放端口
new DatagramSocket
2.接收数据
new byte[1024];
new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
3.打印数据
packet.getAddress()
4.关闭