在Struts 2中实现文件上传

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 18:07:32 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 18:07:32 发布

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文章标签： web.xml xhtml java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yz16808334330/article/details/84603701

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详细请点击：http://www.verydemo.com/demo_c140_i19411.html

前一阵子有些朋友在电子邮件中问关于Struts 2实现文件上传的问题，所以今天我们就来讨论一下这个问题。

实现原理

Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹，然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。

具体实现

前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA，所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表：

清单1 依赖类包的列表

首先，创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp，内容如下：

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
< s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" />
< s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />
< s:submit />
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html >

清单2 FileUpload.jsp

在FileUpload.jsp中，先将表单的提交方式设为POST，然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data，这并没有什么特别之处。接下来，<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。

其次是FileUploadAction.java代码：

package tutorial;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;

private File myFile;
private String contentType;
private String fileName;
private String imageFileName;
private String caption;

public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType) {
this .contentType = contentType;
}

public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName) {
this .fileName = fileName;
}

public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
this .myFile = myFile;
}

public String getImageFileName() {
return imageFileName;
}

public String getCaption() {
return caption;
}

public void setCaption(String caption) {
this .caption = caption;
}

private static void copy(File src, File dst) {
try {
InputStream in = null ;
OutputStream out = null ;
try {
in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);
out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);
byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];
while (in.read(buffer) > 0 ) {
out.write(buffer);
}
} finally {
if ( null != in) {
in.close();
}
if ( null != out) {
out.close();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

private static String getExtention(String fileName) {
int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );
return fileName.substring(pos);
}

@Override
public String execute() {
imageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);
File imageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);
copy(myFile, imageFile);
return SUCCESS;
}

}

清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java

在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法，后两者很容易明白，分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定，那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢？其实，<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile，还有myFileContentType（上传文件的MIME类型）和myFileFileName（上传文件的文件名，该文件名不包括文件的路径）。因此，<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。

FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下，新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成，该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性，以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。

下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面：

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" >
< img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
< br />
< s:property value ="caption" />
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >

清单4 ShowUpload.jsp

ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName，将其UploadImages组成URL，从而将上传的图像显示出来。

然后是Action的配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >

< struts >
< package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" >
< interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" />
< result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >

清单5 struts.xml

fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。

最后是web.xml配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4"
xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd[/url]" >

< display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name >

< filter >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
</ filter-class >
</ filter >

< filter >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</ filter-class >
</ filter >

< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >

< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >

< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >

</ web-app >

清单6 WEB-INF/web.xml

发布运行应用程序，在浏览器地址栏中键入：[url]http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Fileupload/FileUpload.jsp[/url]，出现图示页面：

清单7 FileUpload页面

选择图片文件，填写Caption并按下Submit按钮提交，出现图示页面：

清单8 上传成功页面

错误处理

上述例子实现的图片上传的功能，所以应该阻止用户上传非图片类型的文件。在Struts 2中如何实现这点呢？其实这也很简单，对上述例子作如下修改即可。

首先修改FileUpload.jsp，在<body>与<s:form>之间加入“<s:fielderror />”，用于在页面上输出错误信息。

然后修改struts.xml文件，将Action fileUpload的定义改为如下所示：

< action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" >
< interceptor-ref name ="fileUpload" >
< param name ="allowedTypes" >
image/bmp,image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg
</ param >
</ interceptor-ref >
< interceptor-ref name ="defaultStack" />
< result name ="input" > /FileUpload.jsp </ result >
< result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result >
</ action >

清单11 修改后的配置文件

显而易见，起作用就是fileUpload拦截器的allowTypes参数。另外，配置还引入defaultStack它会帮我们添加验证等功能，所以在出错之后会跳转到名称为“input”的结果，也即是FileUpload.jsp。

发布运行应用程序，出错时，页面如下图所示：

清单12 出错提示页面

上面的出错提示是Struts 2默认的，大多数情况下，我们都需要自定义和国际化这些信息。通过在全局的国际资源文件中加入“struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=The file you uploaded is not a image”，可以实现以上提及的需求。对此有疑问的朋友可以参考我之前的文章《在Struts 2.0中国际化(i18n)您的应用程序》。

实现之后的出错页面如下图所示：

清单13 自定义出错提示页面

同样的做法，你可以使用参数“maximumSize”来限制上传文件的大小，它对应的字符资源名为：“struts.messages.error.file.too.large”。

字符资源“struts.messages.error.uploading”用提示一般的上传出错信息。

多文件上传

与单文件上传相似，Struts 2实现多文件上传也很简单。你可以将多个<s:file />绑定Action的数组或列表。如下例所示。

< s:form action ="doMultipleUploadUsingList" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
< s:file label ="File (1)" name ="upload" />
< s:file label ="File (2)" name ="upload" />
< s:file label ="FIle (3)" name ="upload" />
< s:submit />
</ s:form >

清单14 多文件上传JSP代码片段

如果你希望绑定到数组，Action的代码应类似：

private File[] uploads;
private String[] uploadFileNames;
private String[] uploadContentTypes;

public File[] getUpload() { return this .uploads; }
public void setUpload(File[] upload) { this .uploads = upload; }

public String[] getUploadFileName() { return this .uploadFileNames; }
public void setUploadFileName(String[] uploadFileName) { this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileName; }

public String[] getUploadContentType() { return this .uploadContentTypes; }
public void setUploadContentType(String[] uploadContentType) { this .uploadContentTypes = uploadContentType; }

清单15 多文件上传数组绑定Action代码片段

如果你想绑定到列表，则应类似：

private List < File > uploads = new ArrayList < File > ();
private List < String > uploadFileNames = new ArrayList < String > ();
private List < String > uploadContentTypes = new ArrayList < String > ();

public List < File > getUpload() {
return this .uploads;
}
public void setUpload(List < File > uploads) {
this .uploads = uploads;
}

public List < String > getUploadFileName() {
return this .uploadFileNames;
}
public void setUploadFileName(List < String > uploadFileNames) {
this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileNames;
}

public List < String > getUploadContentType() {
return this .uploadContentTypes;
}
public void setUploadContentType(List < String > contentTypes) {
this .uploadContentTypes = contentTypes;
}

清单16 多文件上传列表绑定Action代码片段

总结

在Struts 2中实现文件上传的确是轻而易举，您要做的只是使用<s:file />与Action的属性绑定。这又一次有力地证明了Struts 2的简单易用。

[例二]

Struts2使用开源项目Apache Jakarta Commons FileUpload和内建的FileUploadInterceptor拦截器实现文件上传，所需的jar包如下：

commons-logging-1.1.jar
freemarker-2.3.8.jar
ognl-2.6.11.jar
struts2-core-2.0.6.jar
xwork-2.0.1.jar
commons-io-1.3.1.jar
commons-fileupload-1.2.jar

★ 文件上传页面 fileupload.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<head>
<body>
<s:form action="fileUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<s:file name="doc" label="File"/>
<s:submit/>
<s:form>
<body>
<html>

这里需要注意的是，form的enctype属性必须设置为multipart/form-data。

★ 处理文件上传 FileUploadAction.java

package fileupload;
import java.io.File;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAware {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5016873153441103539L;
private File doc;
private String fileName;
private String contentType;
private ServletContext context;
public void setDoc(File file) {
this.doc = file;
}
public void setDocFileName(String fileName) {
this.fileName = fileName;
}
public void setDocContentType(String contentType) {
this.contentType = contentType;
}
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
public String execute() throws Exception {
String targetDirectory = context.getRealPath("/upload");
String targetFileName = generateFileName(fileName);
File target = new File(targetDirectory, targetFileName);
FileUtils.copyFile(doc, target);
return SUCCESS;
}
private String generateFileName(String fileName) {
DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyMMddHHmmss");
String formatDate = format.format(new Date());
int random = new Random().nextInt(10000);
int position = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
String extension = fileName.substring(position);
return formatDate + random + extension;
}
}

在fileupload.jsp中，只有doc一个字段，而FileUploadAction.java中，却有三个字段，Struts2怎么通过页面的一个字段设置Action里的三个字段呢？没错，这就是FileUploadInterceptor的功劳了！你所要做的只是按照一定的样式命名这三个字段的set方法，而字段名可以任意命名。第一个File类型的字段的set方法还是以常规的方式命名，另两个String类型的字段的set方法必须分别以“File字段的set方法名+FileName”和“File字段的set方法名+ContentType”来命名。

★ 配置文件 struts.xml