Typescript - covariance & contravariance 协变与逆变

class Animal {
    eat() { }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    bark() { }
}

declare let animals: Animal[]
declare let dogs: Dog[]

// covariant
animals = dogs
dogs = animals // Error 

// contravariant
declare let funcAnimal: (x: Animal) => void
declare let funcDog: (x: Dog) => void
funcAnimal = funcDog // Error (only when "--strictFunctionTypes")
funcDog = funcAnimal // Ok

// if "strictFunctionTypes" is false, funcAnimal can be assigned with funcDog (bivariant)