原因:
1.乱码问题是由于不统一的编码而产生的。所以在解决乱码的时候,就是要从页面到数据库都采用统一的编码。
2.tomcat的j2ee实现对表单提交即post方式提示时处理参数采用缺省的iso-8859-1来处理
3.tomcat对get方式提交的请求,对query-string处理时采用了和post方法不一样的处理方式。(与tomcat4不一样,所以设置setCharacterEncoding(“gbk”)不起作用。)
解决办法:
1.MySql数据库
安装MySql时,数据库的编码,要选择gbk。在创建表的时候也要选择用gbk;
2.在所有的JSP文件头部加上如下代码,并保证文件的编码方式与此相同:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gbk"%>
3.实现一个Filter,设置处理字符集为GBK。(在tomcat的webapps/servlet-examples目录有一个完整的例子,完整代码如下。)
/* * Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package filters; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.UnavailableException; /** * <p>Example filter that sets the character encoding to be used in parsing the * incoming request, either unconditionally or only if the client did not * specify a character encoding. Configuration of this filter is based on * the following initialization parameters:</p> * <ul> * <li><strong>encoding</strong> - The character encoding to be configured * for this request, either conditionally or unconditionally based on * the <code>ignore</code> initialization parameter. This parameter * is required, so there is no default.</li> * <li><strong>ignore</strong> - If set to "true", any character encoding * specified by the client is ignored, and the value returned by the * <code>selectEncoding()</code> method is set. If set to "false, * <code>selectEncoding()</code> is called <strong>only</strong> if the * client has not already specified an encoding. By default, this * parameter is set to "true".</li> * </ul> * * <p>Although this filter can be used unchanged, it is also easy to * subclass it and make the <code>selectEncoding()</code> method more * intelligent about what encoding to choose, based on characteristics of * the incoming request (such as the values of the <code>Accept-Language</code> * and <code>User-Agent</code> headers, or a value stashed in the current * user's session.</p> * * @author Craig McClanahan * @version $Revision: 267129 $ $Date: 2004-03-18 10:40:35 -0600 (Thu, 18 Mar 2004) $ */ public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter { // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables /** * The default character encoding to set for requests that pass through * this filter. */ protected String encoding = null; /** * The filter configuration object we are associated with. If this value * is null, this filter instance is not currently configured. */ protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; /** * Should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored? */ protected boolean ignore = true; // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods /** * Take this filter out of service. */ public void destroy() { this.encoding = null; this.filterConfig = null; } /** * Select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to * interpret request parameters for this request. * * @param request The servlet request we are processing * @param result The servlet response we are creating * @param chain The filter chain we are processing * * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) { String encoding = selectEncoding(request); if (encoding != null) request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); } // Pass control on to the next filter chain.doFilter(request, response); } /** * Place this filter into service. * * @param filterConfig The filter configuration object */ public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig; this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding"); String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore"); if (value == null) this.ignore = true; else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) this.ignore = true; else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) this.ignore = true; else this.ignore = false; } // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods /** * Select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the * characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization * parameters. If no character encoding should be set, return * <code>null</code>. * <p> * The default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured * by the <strong>encoding</strong> initialization parameter for this * filter. * * @param request The servlet request we are processing */ protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) { return (this.encoding); } }
4.在你的在web.xml中配置过滤器,使之能起过滤作用。在web.xml里加入以下几行:
<filter> <filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name> <filter-class>util.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
5.连接数据的属性项修改成如下代码
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk
以上即为完整解决方案。另外,如果还有问题也可以试试以下方法(在虚拟主机上的server文件一般无法直接进行修改):
打开tomcat的server.xml文件,找到区块,加入如下一行:
URIEncoding=”GBK”
完整代码如下:
<Connector port="8080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="GBK"/>