java网络的基本知识 _java需要了解的网络的知识-CSDN博客

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1、使用URL（统一资源定位）
例如：
try
{
url=new URL("http://www.sina.com.cn";
}
catch(MalformedURLException e)
{
System.out.println("Bad URL:"+url);
}
在Applet 中链接向另外的Web页面，使用代码：
getAppletContext().showDocument(url);
2、套接字
客户建立到服务器的套接字（Socket）
Socket(String host,int port) host是服务器的IP地址，port是端口号
建立了套接字后可以使用getInputStream()获得输入流
还可以使用getOutputStream()获得一个输出流
服务器建立接受客户套接字的服务器套接字（ServerSocket）
ServerSocket(int port) port是端口号
建立了套接字连接后可以使用accept()接收客户的套接字
可以使用getOutputStream()获得一个输出流
还可以使用getInputStream()获得一个输入流
3、InetAddress类
getByName(String
3、InetAddress类
getByName(String s) 获取Internet上主机的地址
getHostName() 获取InetAddress对象所包含的域名
getHostAddress() 获取InetAddress对象所包含的IP地址
getLocalHost() 获取本地地址
4、UDP数据报
发送数据包，即使用DatagramPacket类将数据打包,有两种构造方法
DatagramPacket(byte data[],int length,InetAddress address,int port)
?含有data数组的数据
?该数据包将发送到地质是address，端口是port的主机上
DatagramPacket(byte data[],int offset,int length,InetAddress address,int port)
?含有data数组的从offset开始，length长度的数据
?该数据包将发送到地质是address，端口是port的主机上
接收数据包，即使用DatagramSocket（int port）创建一个对象，port必须和待接收的数据包的端口相同
例如：
如果发送方的数据包端口是5566
DatagramSocket mail=new DatagramSocket(5566);
然后对象mail可以使用方法receive（Datagrampacket pack）接收数据包
在使用参数pack 接收数据包前，必须创建pack
byte data[]=new byte[100];
int length=90;
DatagramPacket pack=new DatagramPataet(data,length);
mail.receive(pack);
该数据包pack将接收长度是length的数据放入data,注意数据长度不要超过8192KB
pack还可以调用方法getPort()获取所接受数据包是从什么端口发出的
调用方法InetAddress getAddress()可以获知数据包来自哪个主机

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