引入Spring IOC 和 DI

引入IOC之前

先来看看项目常用后端代码结构 下图所示：

代码实现

User模块实体类：User.java

package entity;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
}

User模块视图类：UserVo.java

package vo;

public class UserVo {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
    private String genderName;
    // 省略getter&setter方法
    public UserVo() {
    }
    public UserVo(User user) {
        this.id = user.getId();
        this.name = user.getName();
        this.gender = user.getGender();
    }
    // 省略toString方法
}

User模块Dao层：UserDao.java

package dao;

public interface UserDao {
    User getEntity(Integer id);
}

User模块Dao层实现类：UserDaoImpl.java

package dao.impl;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public User getEntity(Integer id) {
        // 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("Anne");
        user.setGender(0);
        return user;
    }
}

User模块Service层：UserService.java

package services;

public interface UserService {
    UserVo getVo(Integer id);
}

User模块Service层实现类：UserServiceImpl.java

package services.impl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 手动实例化Dao
        userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
        // 执行Dao层方法
        User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
        // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

User模块Controller层：UserController.java

package controller;

public class UserController {
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 手动实例化Service
        userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        // 执行Service层方法并返回
        return userService.getVo(id);
    }
}

User模块测试类：UserTest.java

public class UserTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 手动实例化Controller
        UserController userController = new UserController();
        // 执行Controller层方法
        UserVo userVo = userController.getVo(1);
        System.out.println(userVo);
    }
}

测试结果

XML改注解(IOC)

核心配置文件修改
在dao、services、controller下的类是需要扫描自动注入容器的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       ">

    <!-- bean definitions here -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="dao"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="services"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

</beans>

这里要把userService 改成userDao
不然会报错

展示运行结果

引入DI

代码实现

User模块Controller层：UserController.java

package controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    // 改为自动注入
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id, ApplicationContext context) {
        // 执行Service层方法，因为之后还需要用到context对象，故下传
        return userService.getVo(id, context);
    }
}

User模块Dao层实现类：UserDaoImpl.java

去除指定bean id，改为默认bean id（userDaoImpl）

package dao.impl;

// 改为默认bean id“userDaoImpl”
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public User getEntity(Integer id) {
        // 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("Anne");
        user.setGender(0);
        return user;
    }
}

User模块Service层实现类：UserServiceImpl.java

改为自动注入并指定需要注入的实例id

package services.impl;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    // 改为自动注入并指定需要注入的实例id
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDaoImpl")
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 执行Dao层方法
        User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
        // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

测试结果