ubuntu学习(ssh,oh my zsh,磁盘挂载,安装b系统,b系统下配置网络,下载图像化界面,搜狗输入法,sbma,wps,xrdp)

目录

一、下载ssh

二、安装zsh和oh my zsh

四、分区

五、磁盘挂载

五、在a系统中安装b系统

六、b系统创建用户

七、b系统下配置网络

八、下载图像化界面

九、下载搜狗输入法

十、sbma下载

十一、下载wps

十二、安装xrdp

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一、下载ssh

1.sudo apt install openssh-server

2.sudo service ssh restart

换源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/source.list

更新源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

二、安装zsh和oh my zsh

sudo apt-get install zsh

sudo apt-get install git

wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh

bash install.sh

修改主题

sudo gedit ~/.zshrc

注释掉默认的主题，添加如下

ZSH_THEME=“ys”

刷新

source ~/.zshrc

四、分区

1.找到硬盘位置:

sudo gdisk /dev/nvme0n1

n新加一个分区

第一块磁盘大小为501M

第一块类型为ef00

第二块为8300

1name:classesp

2:classroot

磁盘格式化

sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2

五、磁盘挂载

1.创建目录

sudo mkdir /mnt/usb

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb/boot/efi

2.进行挂载

 sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/usb

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/usb/boot/efi

五、在a系统中安装b系统

1.下载根文件系统

sudo apt install debootstrap

sudo debootstrap --arch=amd64 jammy /mnt/usb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
sudo cp /etc/fstab /mnt/usb/etc/fstab

 vim /mnt/usb/etc/fstab

i 插入模式 按esc  ：wq 保存退出

fstab:

/#etc/fstab: static file system information.

#Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a

#device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices

#that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).

#

#/ was on /dev/sda2 during installation

/dev/nvme0n1p2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

#/boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation

/dev/nvme0n1p1 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /mnt/usb/etc/apt/sources.list

 sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/usb/dev

sudo mount -o bind /sys /mnt/usb/sys

 sudo mount -o bind /proc /mnt/usb/proc

 sudo chroot /mnt/usb

六、b系统创建用户

1.安装内核

apt install linux-image-generic

2.为root设置密码

passwd

3.添加用户

adduser yao

可以用vim

apt install nano

让普通用户可以越权

usermod -aG sudo yao

apt install efibootmgr grub-efi-amd64

mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

grub-install -v --target=x86_64-efi --recheck /dev/nvme0n1

nano /etc/default/grub

注释倒数第二行

$ cat /etc/default/grub

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update

# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:

# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

update-grub

在a系统  为b系统安装配置网络工具

apt install net-tools

apt install network-manager

七、b系统下配置网络

1.更改使用者 shell 设定为bash

chsh -s /bin/bash

sudo dhclient ens33

修改networkmanaer

sudo nano /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf

,except:type:ethernet或者注释

下载ssh

systemctl restart NetworkManager

sudo apt install openssh-server

修改b系统主题

sudo apt-get install zsh

sudo apt-get install git

直接执行安装

wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh

bash install.sh

sudo nano ~/.zshrc

八、下载图像化界面

先在a系统下换源

挂载

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/usb

sudo gedit /mnt/usb/etc/apt/s

换源 跟新源 跟新否则无法用sudo 下载firefox 先下firefox再安装界面快

​
deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

​

b系统下

sudo apt update

sudo apt install firefox

sudo apt install tasksel

sudo tasksel

选gnow 空格 回车

等待下载完重启即可

九、下载搜狗输入法

sudo apt install fcitx

将语言选择为fcit

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/

删除ibus

sudo apt purge ibus

官网下载搜狗

sudo dpkg -i 安装包名

下载依赖

sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2

sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1

十、sbma下载

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common

创建一个没有家目录的用户 用useradd

sudo useradd share

sudo smbpasswd -a share

创建共享目录

sudo mkdir /data

sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

[share]

comment=This is the share foler of user share

path=/data

writable = yes

valid users = share

public = no

sudo chown share:share /data

防止权限不够

sudo chmod 777 /data

配置文件

十一、下载wps

sudo dpkg -i

解决字体不全下载fonts

http://web.tecxz.com:9080/

unzip wps-fonts.zip

sudo mv wps-fonts-master/wps/* /usr/share/fonts/wps-office

执行以下命令,生成字体的索引信息

sudo mkfontscale

sudo mkfontdir

运行fc-cache命令更新字体缓存

sudo fc-cache

十二、

安装xrdp

sudo apt install xrdp

将xrdp添加到ssl-cert用户组中

sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert

sudo vim /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config

allowed_users=anybody

sudo vim /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh

黑屏解决

Unset XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS unset XDG_RUNTIME_DIR