【Java之ServletResponse】

Bigcoding

于 2024-02-10 20:29:35 发布

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分类专栏： # Java核心技术精选文章标签： java python 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/z140359/article/details/136092436

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ServletResponse

概述

设置响应报文

        response.setStatus(404);
        response.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().println("<h1 style='color:red'>File Not Found</h1>");

输出字符数据

输出数据到响应报文的响应体

response.getWriter().println()

中文乱码

设置服务器传输的编码方式：只能设置服务器传输的编码，不能告诉客户端

response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

通过响应头将编码格式告诉给客户端，默认会设置服务器的编码

response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

通过响应体

使用这种方式，一定要先设置客户端的编码格式

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应报文
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//设置客户端解码
        response.getWriter().println("<!DOCTYPE html>\n" +
                "<html lang=\"en\">\n" +
                "<head>\n" +
                "    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n" +
                "    <title>Title</title>\n" +
                "</head>\n" +
                "<body>");
        response.getWriter().println("你好！！！！");

        response.getWriter().println("</body>\n" +
                "</html>");
    }

输出字节数据

使用ServletOutputStream，输出到response的缓冲区内，相当于输出进一个数组，然后由tomcat帮我们转出去

		String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("WEB-INF/1.jpeg");
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(realPath));
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        int length = 0;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((length = fileInputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, length);
        }

这里要注意，输出字符数据和字节数据不能同时应用，否则会乱码，并且在输出字节数据的时候，如果掺杂着输出字符数据，那么肯定会出现乱码，原因是中文字符编码混入了二进制文件中，那么就会导致出错

页面跳转

定时跳转refresh

值可以设置一个数字，表示每隔多少秒刷新一下当前的页面，或者传入一个数字+url，表示隔多少秒后跳转到该url

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println("1");每隔1秒刷新页面
        response.getWriter().println(new Date());
        response.setHeader("refresh", "1");
    }

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println("1");
//        response.getWriter().println(new Date());
    //隔两秒后跳转到新的页面
        response.setHeader("refresh", "2;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/1.html");
    }

重定向

发送一个301、302、307的状态码，同时响应头搭配一个Location，浏览器会再次往新的地址发起请求

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //重定向
//        response.setStatus(302);
//        response.setHeader("Location", request.getContextPath() + "/info.html");
        //其实ee规范中给我们提供了一个简化的写法
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/info.html");
    }

页面跳转之间的区别

1.转发是request介导的；另外两个是response介导的

2.转发是一次请求；另外两个是多次请求

3.转发是服务器行为；另外两个是浏览器行为

4.重定向状态码是302；另外是200

5.转发局限性：只能在应用内跳转；另外两个不受限制

页面登陆跳转案例

登陆页面实现登陆的功能—>转发到欢迎页面---->点击注销---->跳转到注销的重定向—>回到注册页面

分次实现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/servlet/login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

package com.fh.login;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //这里面需要获取到登陆传入的用户名和密码来判断是否登陆成功
        //将用户名的信息通过request域转发给欢迎页面
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        if (username.equals("username")&&password.equals("password")){
            //进行一个简单的判断
            //登陆成功
            request.setAttribute("username",username);//设置共享的username
            //转发给欢迎页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/info").forward(request,response);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

package com.fh.login;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/info")
public class InfoServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //需要响应欢迎，并且提供一个标签跳转到注销页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//设置中文编码
        //获取转发过来的username并生成欢迎标语
        Object username = request.getAttribute("username");
        response.getWriter().println("欢迎你!"+username+"<a href='"+request.getContextPath()+"/logout'>点我注销</a>");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

package com.fh.login;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/logout")
public class logoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //因为是跳转过来，所以肯定是get请求，那么这里需要处理的是重定向到登陆的页面
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.html");
    }
}

集中实现，使用一个servlet

使用这种方法的核心要点就在于，/user/*可以处理任何的以/user/开头的servlet，那么利用这一点，我们只需在同一个servlet中写出各种方法，只要方法调用的名字符合这个格式，那么就能用同一个servlet来解决，在dopost和doget中写出对应就方法即可

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/servlet/user/login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

package com.fh.login2;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/user/*") //设置为/user/*意味着可以处理任何/user/xxx的servlet
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //首先要根据拿到的uri来判断是什么方法，然后找到对应的方法执行即可
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        //如果跳转到这里处理，那么说明拿到的uri的格式一定是/应用名/user/xxx
        //那就将前面的部分替换成空白，这样就能拿到后面的xxx的部分
        String replace = requestURI.replace(request.getContextPath() + "/user/", "");
        if (replace.equals("login")){
            //login是post请求，那么会跳到这里，进行处理
            login(request,response);//实现一个login方法
        }else if (replace.equals("info")){
            //info也是post请求，那么也应该放在这里处理
            info(request,response);
        }
    }

    private void info(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        //需要响应欢迎，并且提供一个标签跳转到注销页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//设置中文编码
        //获取转发过来的username并生成欢迎标语
        Object username = request.getAttribute("username");
        response.getWriter().println("欢迎你!"+username+"<a href='"+request.getContextPath()+"/user/logout'>点我注销</a>");
    }

    private void login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        if (username.equals("username")&&password.equals("password")){
            //进行一个简单的判断
            //登陆成功
            request.setAttribute("username",username);//设置共享的username
            //转发给欢迎页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/user/info").forward(request,response);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        String replace = requestURI.replace(request.getContextPath() + "/user/", "");
        if (replace.equals("logout")){
            //logout是get请求，放在get里面来处理
            logout(request,response);
        }
    }

    private void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login2.html");
    }
}

获取请求参数的方式来实现

/u?op=login

/u?op=info

/u?op=logout

每次在访问的过程中，都在后面手动拼接一个请求参数即可

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/servlet/u?op=login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

package com.fh.login2;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/u") //设置为/u，后面根据请求来判断
public class UserServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求参数
        String op = request.getParameter("op");
        if (op.equals("login")){
            //login是post请求，那么会跳到这里，进行处理
            login(request,response);//实现一个login方法
        }else if (op.equals("info")){
            //info也是post请求，那么也应该放在这里处理
            info(request,response);
        }
    }

    private void info(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        //需要响应欢迎，并且提供一个标签跳转到注销页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//设置中文编码
        //获取转发过来的username并生成欢迎标语
        Object username = request.getAttribute("username");
        response.getWriter().println("欢迎你!"+username+"<a href='"+request.getContextPath()+"/u?op=logout'>点我注销</a>");
    }

    private void login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        if (username.equals("username")&&password.equals("password")){
            //进行一个简单的判断
            //登陆成功
            request.setAttribute("username",username);//设置共享的username
            //转发给欢迎页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/u?op=info").forward(request,response);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String op = request.getParameter("op");
        if (op.equals("logout")){
            //logout是get请求，放在get里面来处理
            logout(request,response);
        }
    }

    private void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login3.html");
    }
}

下载

浏览器的行为：

Accept ： * / * .

浏览器对于那部分可以打开的文件执行打开操作，对于无法打开的文件，执行下载操作

设置一个响应头，那么会将资源下载到本地，而不是打开

response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpeg");

常见的使用场景：导出到Excel表格