获得局域网IP的基本原理如下:1.一个局域网中的IP网段是固定的,如192.168.1.xxx,也即搜索出来的IP的第四个字节分布于0-255之间,所以几乎所有获取方法都是基于IP遍历。在代码中就是一个循环。
2.在遍历过程中需要考虑两个问题:(1)如何判断当前局域网中是否有某个IP的计算机 (2)如何获取IP的前三个字节
3.第二个问题容易解决,首先获取本地计算机的IP,截取前三个字节就可以获得。
4.第一个问题有好多种判断方法,因此也就有了好多种获取局域网IP的方法。我只测试过两种方法,(1)Ping方法 (2)类似arp枚举方式 。 还有其他博客也提到了一方法,具体可以见文末链接。接下来介绍两种方法,并附上代码。
方法一 Ping方法
Ping方法分为两种,同步方式和异步方式。经测试,均可以获得局域网所有IP(所有是指配置正确的电脑,后边会解释同一局域网下不同电脑搜索到的IP不一样的原因),只是速度上有所区别,同步方式的时间基本为 每一次Ping的时间×遍历个数,异步方式的时间基本为一到两倍的单次Ping时间,即2-3秒左右。
(1)同步Ping
public void getIP()
{
//获取本地机器名
string _myHostName = Dns.GetHostName();
//获取本机IP
string _myHostIP = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList.FirstOrDefault<IPAddress>(a => a.AddressFamily.ToString().Equals("InterNetwork")).ToString();
//MessageBox.Show(_myHostIP);
//截取IP网段
string ipDuan = _myHostIP.Remove(_myHostIP.LastIndexOf('.'));
//MessageBox.Show(ipDuan);
//枚举网段计算机
Ping myPing = new Ping();
string data = "";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
for (int i = 1; i <= 255; i++)
{
string pingIP = ipDuan + "." + i.ToString();
PingReply pingReply = myPing.Send(pingIP,120,buffer);
if (pingReply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
{
ipList.Add(pingIP);
label3.Text = "答复的主机地址:" + pingReply.Address.ToString() + "\n";
label3.Text += "往返时间:" + pingReply.RoundtripTime.ToString() + "\n";
label3.Text += "生存时间:" + pingReply.Options.Ttl.ToString() + "\n";
label3.Text += "是否控制数据包的分段:" + pingReply.Options.DontFragment.ToString() + "\n";
label3.Text += "缓冲区大小:" + pingReply.Buffer.Length.ToString() + "\n";
label3.Refresh();
}
else
{
label3.Text = pingIP + "不在线";
label3.Refresh();
}
}
}
源码中标注的三行是核心代码,即创建Ping对象,发送Ping消息,检查返回值是否成功。其他是我自己工程涉及到的东西,如果要使用改代码需自己修改。至于这几个函数怎么用自行百度。
(2)异步Ping
private void EnumComputers()
{
try
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 255; i++)
{
Ping myPing;
myPing = new Ping();
myPing.PingCompleted += new PingCompletedEventHandler(_myPing_PingCompleted);
string pingIP = "192.168.1." + i.ToString();
myPing.SendAsync(pingIP, 2000, null);
}
}
catch
{
;
}
}
private void _myPing_PingCompleted(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
{
ipList.Add(e.Reply.Address.ToString());
}
count++;
if (count >= 255)
{
Thread t1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(TestMethod));
t1.IsBackground = true;
t1.Start(this);
}
}
基本思路为,首先创建Ping对象,创建Ping完成时的事件响应变量,并将响应函数绑定,然后开始异步Ping操作;在响应函数中,检测Ping响应是否成功,如果成功,则加入列表,当256个IP都Ping完之后,开启一个新的线程,用来进行后续处理。
方法二 类arp方法
这个方法我也不太懂,测试了一下找到的代码是可以用的。但这个方法存在问题,arp方法是在存于本地电脑中的IP列表进行查询,也即计算机之前就已经有一个局域网当前IP的表格了,直接查表就行。但是我也不清楚它这个表是什么时候更新的,经常出现的结果就是一会能搜索出这几个IP,一会儿搜出那几个,一会儿都没有了。个人认为是方法本身存在的问题。可以在cmd中用arp -a命令来测试,会发现有的电脑就是搜不到。原理不是很懂,只贴下代码。
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct MIB_IPNETROW
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwIndex;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwPhysAddrLen;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac0;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac1;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac2;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac3;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac4;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac5;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac6;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public byte mac7;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwAddr;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
public int dwType;
}
/// <summary>
/// GetIpNetTable external method
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pIpNetTable"></param>
/// <param name="pdwSize"></param>
/// <param name="bOrder"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("IpHlpApi.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
static extern int GetIpNetTable(IntPtr pIpNetTable,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] ref int pdwSize, bool bOrder);
/// <summary>
/// Error codes GetIpNetTable returns that we recognise
/// </summary>
const int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122;
/// <summary>
/// Get the IP and MAC addresses of all known devices on the LAN
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// 1) This table is not updated often - it can take some human-scale time
/// to notice that a device has dropped off the network, or a new device
/// has connected.
/// 2) This discards non-local devices if they are found - these are multicast
/// and can be discarded by IP address range.
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Dictionary<IPAddress, PhysicalAddress> GetAllDevicesOnLAN()
{
Dictionary<IPAddress, PhysicalAddress> all = new Dictionary<IPAddress, PhysicalAddress>();
// Add this PC to the list...
all.Add(GetIPAddress(), GetMacAddress());
int spaceForNetTable = 0;
// Get the space needed
// We do that by requesting the table, but not giving any space at all.
// The return value will tell us how much we actually need.
GetIpNetTable(IntPtr.Zero, ref spaceForNetTable, false);
// Allocate the space
// We use a try-finally block to ensure release.
IntPtr rawTable = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
rawTable = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(spaceForNetTable);
// Get the actual data
int errorCode = GetIpNetTable(rawTable, ref spaceForNetTable, false);
if (errorCode != 0)
{
// Failed for some reason - can do no more here.
throw new Exception(string.Format(
"Unable to retrieve network table. Error code {0}", errorCode));
}
// Get the rows count
int rowsCount = Marshal.ReadInt32(rawTable);
IntPtr currentBuffer = new IntPtr(rawTable.ToInt64() + Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Int32)));
// Convert the raw table to individual entries
MIB_IPNETROW[] rows = new MIB_IPNETROW[rowsCount];
for (int index = 0; index < rowsCount; index++)
{
rows[index] = (MIB_IPNETROW)Marshal.PtrToStructure(new IntPtr(currentBuffer.ToInt64() +
(index * Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(MIB_IPNETROW)))
),
typeof(MIB_IPNETROW));
}
// Define the dummy entries list (we can discard these)
PhysicalAddress virtualMAC = new PhysicalAddress(new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 });
PhysicalAddress broadcastMAC = new PhysicalAddress(new byte[] { 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255 });
foreach (MIB_IPNETROW row in rows)
{
IPAddress ip = new IPAddress(BitConverter.GetBytes(row.dwAddr));
byte[] rawMAC = new byte[] { row.mac0, row.mac1, row.mac2, row.mac3, row.mac4, row.mac5 };
PhysicalAddress pa = new PhysicalAddress(rawMAC);
if (!pa.Equals(virtualMAC) && !pa.Equals(broadcastMAC) && !IsMulticast(ip))
{
//Console.WriteLine("IP: {0}\t\tMAC: {1}", ip.ToString(), pa.ToString());
if (!all.ContainsKey(ip))
{
all.Add(ip, pa);
}
}
}
}
finally
{
// Release the memory.
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(rawTable);
}
return all;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the IP address of the current PC
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static IPAddress GetIPAddress()
{
String strHostName = Dns.GetHostName();
IPHostEntry ipEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry(strHostName);
IPAddress[] addr = ipEntry.AddressList;
foreach (IPAddress ip in addr)
{
if (!ip.IsIPv6LinkLocal)
{
return (ip);
}
}
return addr.Length > 0 ? addr[0] : null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the MAC address of the current PC.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static PhysicalAddress GetMacAddress()
{
foreach (NetworkInterface nic in NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces())
{
// Only consider Ethernet network interfaces
if (nic.NetworkInterfaceType == NetworkInterfaceType.Ethernet &&
nic.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up)
{
return nic.GetPhysicalAddress();
}
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns true if the specified IP address is a multicast address
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ip"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool IsMulticast(IPAddress ip)
{
bool result = true;
if (!ip.IsIPv6Multicast)
{
byte highIP = ip.GetAddressBytes()[0];
if (highIP < 224 || highIP > 239)
{
result = false;
}
}
return result;
}
}
直接复制到工程中就可以用,最后的IP列表存在all中。
另外在研究的过程中还发现了一个问题以及相应的解决方法:
问题:同一个局域网中的两台电脑,搜索出来的结果不一致,经常表现为互相搜不到。
解决方法:右键 “打开网络和共享中心”,点击“更改高级共享设置”,设置为“启用网络发现”,“启用文件和打印机共享”,就可以了。
这里是一些相关方法的链接
1 .http://blog.csdn.net/zengjice/article/details/8715748
2. http://blog.csdn.net/panyanyan/article/details/6585669
现在又在看如何能设置超时连接。就是我搜到列表之后,开始一个一个连接,看看他们有没有启动服务器,如果局域网中没有服务器,那么本机建立服务器;如果局域网中能成功连接到服务器,那么本机作为客户端。这样就能实现局域网中永远只有一个服务器,其他都是客户端。而且不需要固定的服务器。
但现在的问题是每次尝试连接服务器时,都要花好长时间,将近10-20秒不等,遍历下来之后感觉时间好长,所以看看如何能设置连接超时,或者有什么异步方法;我尝试了一个异步方法,但是没有成功。继续研究。