部署K8S集群

已于 2023-08-11 15:58:15 修改
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分类专栏： 流程步骤 基础知识命令 文章标签： kubernetes 容器 云原生
于 2023-08-11 15:57:55 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/z2050025507/article/details/132217730
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目录

一、环境搭建

1、准备环境

2、安装master节点

3、安装k8s-master上的node

4、安装配置k8s-node1节点

5、安装k8s-node2节点

6、为所有node节点配置flannel网络

7、配置docker开启加载防火墙规则允许转发数据

二、k8s常用资源管理

1、创建一个pod

2、pod管理

一、环境搭建

1、准备环境

  1. 计算机说明，建议系统版本7.4或者7.6

主机名

IP地址

角色

硬件

k8s-master

192.168.2.116

Master，node

Etcd、apiserver、controlor-manager、scheduler、kube-proxy、docker、registry

K8s-node1

192.168.2.117

Node

Kubletel、kube-proxy、docker

K8s-node2

192.168.2.118

Node

Kubletel、kube-proxy、docker

  1. 修改master主机的计算机名设置host文件
[root@centos01 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

[root@centos01 ~]# bash

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts

192.168.2.116 k8s-master

192.168.2.117 k8s-node1

192.168.2.118 k8s-node2
  1. 修改节点一主机名设置host文件

[root@centos02 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1

[root@centos02 ~]# bash

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# scp 192.168.2.117:/etc/hosts /etc/

4）修改节点二主机名字设置host文件

[root@centos03 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

[root@centos03 ~]# bash

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# scp 192.168.2.118:/etc/hosts /etc/

2、安装master节点

1）安装etcd配置etcd

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install etcd

[root@k8s-master ~]# cp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf /etc/etcd/etcd.conf.bak

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

6 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS=http://0.0.0.0:2379
21 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS=http://192.168.2.116:2379

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start etcd

[root@k8s-master ~]#  systemctl enable etcd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/etcd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service.

2）安装k8s-master节点

[root@k8s-master ~]#yum install kubernetes-master.x86_64 -y

3）配置apiserver

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver

8 KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"		//修改监听IP地址
12 KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"							//监听端口
16 KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"					//kubelet监听端口
19 KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.2.116:2379"	//连接etcd
24 KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"

4）配置controller和scheduler

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config

22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.2.116:8080"

5）启动k8s服务

[root@k8s-master ~]#  systemctl start kube-apiserver.service

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

6）检查节点安装都是健康的

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get componentstatus 

NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok

3、安装k8s-master上的node

1）安装node

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install kubernetes node.x86_64

2）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.2.116"						//监听IP地址
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-master"				//监听计算机名
14 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.2.116:8080"		//监听apiserver端口

3）启动kubelet启动自动启动docker服务

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

4）启动kubelet-proxy

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

5）检查node节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     51s

4、安装配置k8s-node1节点

1）安装node

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# yum install kubernetes-node.x86_64

2）node1连接k8s-master

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config
22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.2.116:8080"

3）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.2.117"
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-node1"
15 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.2.116:8080"

4）启动服务

[root@k8s-node1 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-node1 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-node1 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable kubelet

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

[root@k8s-node1 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable kube-proxy

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

5）在master节点检测node节点状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     27m
k8s-node1    Ready     12m

5、安装k8s-node2节点

1）安装node

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# yum install kubernetes-node.x86_64

 2）node2连接k8s-master

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config
22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.2.116:8080"

3）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.2.118"
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-node1"
15 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.2.116:8080"

4）启动服务

[root@k8s-node2 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-node2 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-node2 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable kube-proxy

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

[root@k8s-node2 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable kubelet

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to 
/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

5）在master节点检测node节点状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     31m
k8s-node1    Ready     16m
k8s-node2    Ready     33s

6、为所有node节点配置flannel网络

1）在k8s-master节点安装flannel

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install flannel -y
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld
4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.200.112:2379

[root@k8s-master ~]# etcdctl set /atomic.io/network/config '{ "Network": "172.16.0.0/16" }'	//配置网络
{ "Network": "172.16.0.0/16" }

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable flanneld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.

[root@k8s-master ~]# ifconfig

flannel0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST>  mtu 1472
        inet 172.16.35.0  netmask 255.255.0.0  destination 172.16.35.0
        inet6 fe80::db5b:30ce:83c4:c67b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 500  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3  bytes 144 (144.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

[root@k8s-master ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.35.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:02:36:e4:15  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2）配置node1节点flannel网络

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# yum install flannel -y
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld

4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.2.116:2379

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable flanneld

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

3）安装node2节点flannel网络

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# yum install flannel -y

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld

4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.2.116:2379

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable flanneld

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable docker

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.


[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     47m
k8s-node1    Ready     32m
k8s-node2    Ready     16m

4）测试docker容器跨宿主机通信

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker run -it busybox            //下载镜像
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox
3f4d90098f5b: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:3fbc632167424a6d997e74f52b878d7cc478225cffac6bc977eedfe51c7f4e79
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/busybox:latest
/ # 
/ # ping 172.16.71.1                    //测试和其他docker宿主机之间通信
PING 172.16.71.1 (172.16.71.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.16.71.1: seq=0 ttl=61 time=1.730 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.71.1: seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.443 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.71.1: seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.867 ms
^C
--- 172.16.71.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.443/1.013/1.730 ms
/ # ping 172.16.10.1                    //测试和其他docker宿主机之间通信
PING 172.16.10.1 (172.16.10.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.16.10.1: seq=0 ttl=61 time=1.424 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.10.1: seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.485 ms
^C
--- 172.16.10.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.485/0.954/1.424 ms

7、配置docker开启加载防火墙规则允许转发数据

1）配置k8s-master节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT        #添加

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart docker

2）配置k8s-node1节点

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT        #添加

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker

3）配置k8s-node2节点

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT            #添加

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker

二、k8s常用资源管理

1、创建一个pod

1）创建yuml文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir k8s
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim ./k8s/nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: web
spec:
  containers:
    - name: nginx
      image: nginx:1.13
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

2）创建容器

方法一.  yum安装

[root@k8s-master ~]#yum install *rhsm*

方法二 （我是用这方法解决的）

执行命令：

[root@k8s-master ~]#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm

[root@k8s-master ~]#rpm2cpio python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | cpio -iv --to-stdout ./etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem | tee /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem    
前两个命令会生成/etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem文件.     

[root@k8s-master ~]#docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml

3）查看所有pod创建运行状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          5m

4）查看指定pod资源

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          6m

5）查看pod运行的详细信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name:		nginx
Namespace:	default
Node:		k8s-node2/192.168.2.118
Start Time:	Fri, 11 Aug 2023 15:34:10 +0800
Labels:		app=web
Status:		Pending
IP:		
Controllers:	<none>
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:		
    Image:			nginx:1.13
    Image ID:			
    Port:			80/TCP
    State:			Waiting
      Reason:			ContainerCreating
    Ready:			False
    Restart Count:		0
    Volume Mounts:		<none>
    Environment Variables:	<none>
Conditions:
  Type		Status
  Initialized 	True 
  Ready 	False 
  PodScheduled 	True 
No volumes.
QoS Class:	BestEffort
Tolerations:	<none>
Events:
  FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			SubObjectPath	Type  Reason		Message
  ---------	--------	-----	----			-------------	--------	------		-------
  7m		7m		1	{default-scheduler }			NormalScheduled	Successfully assigned nginx to k8s-node2
  7m		1m		6	{kubelet k8s-node2}			WarninFailedSync	Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ErrImagePull: "image pull failed for registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest, this may be because there are no credentials on this request.  details: (open /etc/docker/certs.d/registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-ca.crt: no such file or directory)"

  6m	9s	25	{kubelet k8s-node2}		Warning	FailedSync	Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ImagePullBackOff: "Back-off pulling image \"registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest\""

6）验证运行的pod

[root@k8s-master ~]#  kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       IP        NODE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          8m        <none>    k8s-node2

2、pod管理

1）删除pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete  pod nginx
pod "nginx" deleted

2）查看删除pod无法找到

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
Error from server (NotFound): pods "nginx" not found

3）创建pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml 
pod "nginx" created

4）发现最先创建的pod运行在k8s-master节点上，下载镜像速度太慢没法运行

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       IP        NODE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          8s        <none>    k8s-node1

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文章目录1. 工作流程2. 虚拟机环境准备3. 部署集群3.1 准备工作3.2 安装docker3.3 安装kubeadm, kubelet, kubectl3.4 部署集群3.5 验证集群状态3.5.1 节点信息查看3.5.2 系统pod查看3.6 配置3.6.1 命令自动补全 1. 工作流程 2. 虚拟机环境准备 如果使用现成的服务器可忽略此步 克隆出三台机器 网络模式选择桥接, 方便局域网设备访问 网络适配器–高级–MAC地址–生成(每台机器点击一次, 避免因克隆导致MAC地址一样)
二进制部署k8s集群.pdf
09-13
二进制部署 Kubernetes (k8s) 集群是一种手动、逐个组件安装的方式，虽然过程相对复杂，但它能够提供对集群内部运作的深度理解，对于学习和调试非常有帮助。以下是一份详细的二进制部署 k8s 集群的步骤，基于 CentOS...
kubeadm部署k8s集群.md
07-02
kubeadm部署k8s集群.md
CnetOS8.2部署k8s集群.pdf
03-09
centos安装部署k8s集群。
ansible一键部署k8s1.16集群-二进制方式部署k8s集群，安装包和详细笔记
05-27
以下是使用Ansible部署k8s集群的基本步骤： 1. **环境准备**：确保所有参与部署的服务器已经安装了Ansible，且彼此间可以无障碍通信。此外，还需在控制节点上配置好ssh免密登录到其他节点。 2. **主机清单**：创建...
Kubernetes集群搭建
qq_33485529的博客
01-10 839
入职之前闲置在学校，跟着尚硅谷视频分别在云服务器和本地虚拟机各搭建了一套k8s集群（云服务器有点小贵），这里对搭建步骤做个总结。 参考文档： https://www.yuque.com/leifengyang/oncloud/ghnb83 [前置操作] 安装docker 1、移除以前的docker安装包 sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-l
K8S环境搭建
SJian123的专栏
09-06 1836
1、在windows上安装虚拟机，在虚拟机上虚拟出3个linux系统，我这里分别是master，node1，node2，确保三个linux虚拟机之间可以互相访问。6、将桥接的ipv4的流量传递到iptables的链，三台机器设置一样。3、安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl,三台机器上安装。三、安装docker、kubeadm、kubectl等。2、关闭selinux,三台机器全关闭。2、添加阿里云软件源，三台机器全部添加。3、关闭swap ，三台机器全关闭。1、关闭防火墙，三台机器全关闭。
K8s环境搭建
CommputerMac的博客
02-24 1029
这里加入集群的命令每个人都不一样，master节点安装配置好后，会返回加入集群的命令，如果忘记，可以登录master节点，使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 来获取。执行以下命令初始化k8s，注意--apiserver-advertise-address 后面的IP为master的主机ip，这条命令执行慢，需要等待两三分钟。以上，安装master节点完毕。上面安装完后，会提示你输入如下命令，复制粘贴过来，执行即可。安装步骤和上面master节点安装一样。
linux部署k8s集群
09-14
您可以按照以下步骤在Linux上部署K8s集群： 1. 禁用SELinux，可以使用命令`sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config`将SELinux模式更改为disabled。 2. 安装Docker，可以使用以下命令之一添加Docker的...
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