对HashMap所有了解的都知道HashMap有一个负载因子loadFactor,当HashMap容量超过阀值时将进行扩容,该文就是根据围绕HashMap的阀值、容量进行探讨,这些探讨也是源于一开始了解HashMap的容量都是通过别人的文章,却从未自己去体验测试过。
该文主要解决之前促使我去探讨HashMap及探讨中所遇到的问题:
(1)new HashMap(n) 的初始阀值/容量是多少?
(2)为什么new HashMap(n) put进一个元素后阀值会发生变化?
(3)HashMap达到阀值时扩容的变化规律?
以下将根据问题给出对应的主要代码(JDK1.8)进行解答:
(1)new HashMap(n)将涉及以下2个方法,tableResizeFor方法的作用是返回比cap大的最小的一个2的n次幂数字如:cap=15则n=16,cap=23则n=32
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity); }
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) { int n = cap - 1; n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2; n |= n >>> 4; n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1; }
(2)当HashMap首次put元素时,由于映射中的节点table为空,将对HashMap的容量进行resize,将当前的容量设为initCap*loadFactor
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; // 首次put元素由于table为空将进行resize() if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; // 容量已满时触发 if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; // 容量已满时进行resize() if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
(3)HashMap达到阀值时扩容则是在比原容量大且最接近原容量的一个2的指数次幂数字*2(抛开MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30讨论),这一切都在HashMap的resize()方法进行。以下是个人的测试代码及输出结果图,可以更清晰地反应HashMap容量变化:
@Test public void mapThreshold() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(7); Field threshold = map.getClass().getDeclaredField("threshold"); threshold.setAccessible(true); System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); map.put("1", 1); System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); map.put("2", 1); map.put("3", 1); map.put("4", 1); map.put("5", 1); map.put("6", 1); System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); map.put("7", 1); System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); map.put("8", 1); System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); IntStream.rangeClosed(9, 33) .forEach(e -> { map.put(String.valueOf(e), e); if (e == 16|| e == 17 || e == 32 || e == 33) { try { System.err.println("threshold:" + threshold.get(map)); } catch (IllegalAccessException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } }); }