RabbitMQ集群搭建

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RabbitMQ集群搭建

摘要：实际生产应用中都会采用消息队列的集群方案，如果选择RabbitMQ那么有必要了解下它的集群方案原理。一般来说，如果只是为了学习RabbitMQ或者验证业务工程的正确性那么在本地环境或者测试环境上使用其单实例部署就可以了，但是出于MQ中间件本身的可靠性、并发性、吞吐量和消息堆积能力等问题的考虑，在生产环境上一般都会考虑使用RabbitMQ的集群方案。

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集群方案的原理

RabbitMQ这款消息队列中间件产品本身是基于Erlang编写，Erlang语言天生具备分布式特性（通过同步Erlang集群各节点的magiccookie来实现）。此，RabbitMQ天然支持Clustering。这使得RabbitMQ本身不需要像ActiveMQ、Kafka那样通过ZooKeeper分别来实现HA方案和保存集群的元数据。集群是保证可靠性的一种方式，同时可以通过水平扩展以达到增加消息吞吐量能力的目的。

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单机多实例部署

由于某些因素的限制，有时候你不得不在一台机器上去搭建一个rabbitmq集群，这个有点类似zookeeper的单机版。真实生成环境还是要配成多机集群的。有关怎么配置多机集群的可以参考其他的资料，这里主要论述如何在单机中配置多个rabbitmq实例。
主要参考官方文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/clustering.html
首先确保RabbitMQ运行没有问题

[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@super ...
[{pid,10232},
{running_applications,
[{rabbitmq_management,"RabbitMQ Management
Console","3.6.5"},
{rabbitmq_web_dispatch,"RabbitMQ Web
Dispatcher","3.6.5"},
{webmachine,"webmachine","1.10.3"},
{mochiweb,"MochiMedia Web Server","2.13.1"},
{rabbitmq_management_agent,"RabbitMQ
Management Agent","3.6.5"},
{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.6.5"},
{os_mon,"CPO CXC 138 46","2.4"},
{syntax_tools,"Syntax tools","1.7"},
{inets,"INETS CXC 138 49","6.2"},
{amqp_client,"RabbitMQ AMQP Client","3.6.5"},
{rabbit_common,[],"3.6.5"},
{ssl,"Erlang/OTP SSL application","7.3"},
{public_key,"Public key
infrastructure","1.1.1"},
{asn1,"The Erlang ASN1 compiler version
4.0.2","4.0.2"},
{ranch,"Socket acceptor pool for TCP
protocols.","1.2.1"},
{mnesia,"MNESIA CXC 138 12","4.13.3"},
{compiler,"ERTS CXC 138 10","6.0.3"},
{crypto,"CRYPTO","3.6.3"},
{xmerl,"XML parser","1.3.10"},
{sasl,"SASL CXC 138 11","2.7"},
{stdlib,"ERTS CXC 138 10","2.8"},
{kernel,"ERTS CXC 138 10","4.2"}]},
{os,{unix,linux}},
{erlang_version,
"Erlang/OTP 18 [erts-7.3] [source] [64-bit]
[async-threads:64] [hipe] [kernel-poll:true]\n"},
{memory,
[{total,56066752},
{connection_readers,0},
{connection_writers,0},
{connection_channels,0},
{connection_other,2680},
{queue_procs,268248},
{queue_slave_procs,0},
{plugins,1131936},
{other_proc,18144280},
{mnesia,125304},
{mgmt_db,921312},
{msg_index,69440},
{other_ets,1413664},
{binary,755736},
{code,27824046},
{atom,1000601},
{other_system,4409505}]},
{alarms,[]},
{listeners,[{clustering,25672,"::"},
{amqp,5672,"::"}]},
{vm_memory_high_watermark,0.4},
{vm_memory_limit,411294105},
{disk_free_limit,50000000},
{disk_free,13270233088},
{file_descriptors,
[{total_limit,924},{total_used,6},
{sockets_limit,829},{sockets_used,0}]},
{processes,[{limit,1048576},{used,262}]},
{run_queue,0},
{uptime,43651},
{kernel,{net_ticktime,60}}]

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停止rabbitmq服务

[root@super sbin]# service rabbitmq-server stop
Stopping rabbitmq-server: rabbitmq-server.

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结束命令：

rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1 stop
rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2 stop

rabbit1操作作为主节点：

[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1 stop_app
Stopping node rabbit1@super ...
[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1 reset
Resetting node rabbit1@super ...
[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1 start_app
Starting node rabbit1@super ...
[root@super ~] #

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rabbit2操作为从节点：

[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2 stop_app
Stopping node rabbit2@super ...
[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2 reset
Resetting node rabbit2@super ...
[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2 join_cluster
rabbit1@'super' ###''内是主机名换成自己的
Clustering node rabbit2@super with rabbit1@super
...
[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2 start_app
Starting node rabbit2@super ...

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查看集群状态：

[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl cluster_status -n
rabbit1
Cluster status of node rabbit1@super ...
[{nodes,[{disc,[rabbit1@super,rabbit2@super]}]},
{running_nodes,[rabbit2@super,rabbit1@super]},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit1@super">>},
{partitions,[]},
{alarms,[{rabbit2@super,[]},{rabbit1@super,[]}]}]

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web监控：

总结

1.RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，是AMQP（Advanced Message Queuing Protocol高级消息队列协议）的标准实现，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ据说具有良好的性能和时效性，同时还能够非常好的支持集群和负载部署，非常适合在较大规模的分布式系统中使用。
2.RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的，而集群和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。